{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB","short_pith_number":"pith:ZGMJBAZ6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.09876","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T19:27:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"2da07c0a4999e21532e06cd9b25c7a91a421ac678f93ce57774ed6cd0bb36e27","abstract_canon_sha256":"c26e01d0f3767afe6c5f0c293b3ba47fe0d09d84f8a0e13bb46c7cb124386bda"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c99890833e80b7d1ce4b5d8aeca7930846406685f08d99e6423d0d266faf082e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2103.09876","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.09876","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.09876v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.09876","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZGMJBAZ6QC35","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZGMJBAZ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2103.09876","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T19:27:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"2da07c0a4999e21532e06cd9b25c7a91a421ac678f93ce57774ed6cd0bb36e27","abstract_canon_sha256":"c26e01d0f3767afe6c5f0c293b3ba47fe0d09d84f8a0e13bb46c7cb124386bda"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"c99890833e80b7d1ce4b5d8aeca7930846406685f08d99e6423d0d266faf082e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36.085842Z","signature_b64":"zF/Vxwb928ziwVqFjxRVUdKnEf/FR0sw4pxF9MRjNNA+mJsrovn5FiKdJdGZVS+Y3CuhlV1rzgne1XBjvVKXDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"c99890833e80b7d1ce4b5d8aeca7930846406685f08d99e6423d0d266faf082e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36.085333Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36.085333Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2103.09876","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U8MGP4vkuPHG9K1G2sMDxmM/wliWEe4RbZHIVsd1fn9qeminVovWo18F7+QzLlnyqq4MsqjlnfUGjCSFz+RNDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T12:22:29.881157Z"},"content_sha256":"5fb1c6d8f7dbf8655f9497c401621e2a52ac60ee97291d7538f81cc9f2e8cd06","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5fb1c6d8f7dbf8655f9497c401621e2a52ac60ee97291d7538f81cc9f2e8cd06"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bias-Free FedGAN: A Federated Approach to Generate Bias-Free Datasets","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Lalana Kagal, Shlomo Dubnov, Vaikkunth Mugunthan, Vignesh Gokul","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T19:27:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"Federated Generative Adversarial Network (FedGAN) is a communication-efficient approach to train a GAN across distributed clients without clients having to share their sensitive training data. In this paper, we experimentally show that FedGAN generates biased data points under non-independent-and-identically-distributed (non-iid) settings. Also, we propose Bias-Free FedGAN, an approach to generate bias-free synthetic datasets using FedGAN. Our approach generates metadata at the aggregator using the models received from clients and retrains the federated model to achieve bias-free results for i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.09876","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2103.09876/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8prCijbDU2CmTJEal9BTiLLqiAW35LjcZKgfAXvRUsI9fSI3CMT56C2XO7et00dUQmPACn9Byo48WNfe4tMTAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T12:22:29.881749Z"},"content_sha256":"361d4d3f634b1acc0d8c3d4db2e7e7d455de8e32c0609ae445d58c0481b4402e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:361d4d3f634b1acc0d8c3d4db2e7e7d455de8e32c0609ae445d58c0481b4402e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T12:22:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSLLWFOZJ4TBB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c26e01d0f3767afe6c5f0c293b3ba47fe0d09d84f8a0e13bb46c7cb124386bda","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T19:27:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"2da07c0a4999e21532e06cd9b25c7a91a421ac678f93ce57774ed6cd0bb36e27"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.09876","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2103.09876","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2103.09876v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2103.09876","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZGMJBAZ6QC35","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZGMJBAZ6QC35DTSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZGMJBAZ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:361d4d3f634b1acc0d8c3d4db2e7e7d455de8e32c0609ae445d58c0481b4402e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2103.09876/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated Generative Adversarial Network (FedGAN) is a communication-efficient approach to train a GAN across distributed clients without clients having to share their sensitive training data. In this paper, we experimentally show that FedGAN generates biased data points under non-independent-and-identically-distributed (non-iid) settings. Also, we propose Bias-Free FedGAN, an approach to generate bias-free synthetic datasets using FedGAN. Our approach generates metadata at the aggregator using the models received from clients and retrains the federated model to achieve bias-free results for i","authors_text":"Lalana Kagal, Shlomo Dubnov, Vaikkunth Mugunthan, Vignesh Gokul","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T19:27:08Z","title":"Bias-Free FedGAN: A Federated Approach to Generate Bias-Free Datasets"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2103.09876","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5fb1c6d8f7dbf8655f9497c401621e2a52ac60ee97291d7538f81cc9f2e8cd06","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c26e01d0f3767afe6c5f0c293b3ba47fe0d09d84f8a0e13bb46c7cb124386bda","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-03-17T19:27:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"2da07c0a4999e21532e06cd9b25c7a91a421ac678f93ce57774ed6cd0bb36e27"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2103.09876","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"c99890833e80b7d1ce4b5d8aeca7930846406685f08d99e6423d0d266faf082e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"c99890833e80b7d1ce4b5d8aeca7930846406685f08d99e6423d0d266faf082e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36.085333Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36.085333Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zF/Vxwb928ziwVqFjxRVUdKnEf/FR0sw4pxF9MRjNNA+mJsrovn5FiKdJdGZVS+Y3CuhlV1rzgne1XBjvVKXDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:36.085842Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2103.09876","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5fb1c6d8f7dbf8655f9497c401621e2a52ac60ee97291d7538f81cc9f2e8cd06","sha256:361d4d3f634b1acc0d8c3d4db2e7e7d455de8e32c0609ae445d58c0481b4402e"],"state_sha256":"9b3468a6473a3a574cf08b579eef9235aff227c99ab00f0fa745f3adf06d0925"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l1Wm16QqkTb7LkIerUy2AilBTPZpe08JW2wRWJZLYGkBrReTF6RfvGJ6TA4ucskRX+QKv6TkSWGqrNkGWaivCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T12:22:29.885231Z","bundle_sha256":"a4a252dc24a2602b96e00b9e252e984e35712e0df8fb75eb994f9be77b536211"}}