{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5","short_pith_number":"pith:ZIMT6B2C","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.03684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-08T22:13:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.NI","cs.PF"],"title_canon_sha256":"846b36fa26ec15b57d336beecf3fe6d0334c5e9999b04fe4ce884bcd58dacd8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"51a378138d01323fa6789f3e6c64a0366410d1afa1f6855c7b9eb87ba06b48f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ca193f074248984f0cafca4abffbf63746a273dfedd68086cd6fd12e03edc7cd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.03684","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.03684","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.03684v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.03684","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZIMT6B2CJCME","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZIMT6B2C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.03684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-08T22:13:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.NI","cs.PF"],"title_canon_sha256":"846b36fa26ec15b57d336beecf3fe6d0334c5e9999b04fe4ce884bcd58dacd8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"51a378138d01323fa6789f3e6c64a0366410d1afa1f6855c7b9eb87ba06b48f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ca193f074248984f0cafca4abffbf63746a273dfedd68086cd6fd12e03edc7cd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41.284300Z","signature_b64":"bZ5pQVGrYeIaBcnsUzX15oSpbo6s4Nkk45kWvnbY0dk2KhtrnCyPsAbk/aW5TKoIjHx+K57jXRZYD+hUo0CXDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ca193f074248984f0cafca4abffbf63746a273dfedd68086cd6fd12e03edc7cd","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41.283750Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41.283750Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.03684","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"708/m850XqusQ1TZNBS2JMwLF6WsaN1XjmZjNKKITpD/zt/IKbGPly1zCy3j/+MJ8rfmd3hEUqChRv+4yGhjAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T10:08:08.213206Z"},"content_sha256":"1d6aa8bdb5509353887071cf1783d25bdd0890b0648935083ca9ebd689109cd5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d6aa8bdb5509353887071cf1783d25bdd0890b0648935083ca9ebd689109cd5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Primary User Emulation Attacks: A Detection Technique Based on Kalman Filter","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","cs.NI","cs.PF"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Badr Abou Al Majd, Hassan El Ghazi, Naima Kaabouch, Youness Arjoune, Zakaria El Mrabet","submitted_at":"2019-03-08T22:13:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Cognitive radio technology addresses the problem of spectrum scarcity by allowing secondary users to use the vacant spectrum bands without causing interference to the primary users. However, several attacks could disturb the normal functioning of the cognitive radio network. Primary user emulation attacks are one of the most severe attacks in which a malicious user emulates the primary user signal characteristics to either prevent other legitimate secondary users from accessing the idle channels or causing harmful interference to the primary users. There are several proposed approaches to dete"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.03684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"B1/xNWxdi8jCVq5OQfXVm66Nn109JLNuylCq8VaNZXnXctBX11n/1Nv0ypYuM3i/j1fZeVS4ksSMGlrgHhlhCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T10:08:08.213577Z"},"content_sha256":"37b7298f603678692e1086b4e5ae5964d07d726893fb1687a37618ac538b280a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:37b7298f603678692e1086b4e5ae5964d07d726893fb1687a37618ac538b280a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-12T10:08:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFPZJFL767WG5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"51a378138d01323fa6789f3e6c64a0366410d1afa1f6855c7b9eb87ba06b48f7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.NI","cs.PF"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-08T22:13:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"846b36fa26ec15b57d336beecf3fe6d0334c5e9999b04fe4ce884bcd58dacd8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.03684","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.03684","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.03684v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.03684","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZIMT6B2CJCME","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZIMT6B2CJCME6DFP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZIMT6B2C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:37b7298f603678692e1086b4e5ae5964d07d726893fb1687a37618ac538b280a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Cognitive radio technology addresses the problem of spectrum scarcity by allowing secondary users to use the vacant spectrum bands without causing interference to the primary users. However, several attacks could disturb the normal functioning of the cognitive radio network. Primary user emulation attacks are one of the most severe attacks in which a malicious user emulates the primary user signal characteristics to either prevent other legitimate secondary users from accessing the idle channels or causing harmful interference to the primary users. There are several proposed approaches to dete","authors_text":"Badr Abou Al Majd, Hassan El Ghazi, Naima Kaabouch, Youness Arjoune, Zakaria El Mrabet","cross_cats":["cs.LG","cs.NI","cs.PF"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-08T22:13:06Z","title":"Primary User Emulation Attacks: A Detection Technique Based on Kalman Filter"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.03684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1d6aa8bdb5509353887071cf1783d25bdd0890b0648935083ca9ebd689109cd5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"51a378138d01323fa6789f3e6c64a0366410d1afa1f6855c7b9eb87ba06b48f7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.NI","cs.PF"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-08T22:13:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"846b36fa26ec15b57d336beecf3fe6d0334c5e9999b04fe4ce884bcd58dacd8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.03684","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ca193f074248984f0cafca4abffbf63746a273dfedd68086cd6fd12e03edc7cd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ca193f074248984f0cafca4abffbf63746a273dfedd68086cd6fd12e03edc7cd","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41.283750Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41.283750Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bZ5pQVGrYeIaBcnsUzX15oSpbo6s4Nkk45kWvnbY0dk2KhtrnCyPsAbk/aW5TKoIjHx+K57jXRZYD+hUo0CXDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:51:41.284300Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.03684","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1d6aa8bdb5509353887071cf1783d25bdd0890b0648935083ca9ebd689109cd5","sha256:37b7298f603678692e1086b4e5ae5964d07d726893fb1687a37618ac538b280a"],"state_sha256":"0fe905fe8d1c8984ee2c0cfa5f5baa26afe5a1ba54e90abf28202c27a497891e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vm35czWOF4xMT7YSgh+t6IVBjIisEbEgJ3l+c/5FTfl3SmuGAWoZ9fXibZm2fEbWmEbtbkqG0lFVDKXNKp+8AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T10:08:08.215878Z","bundle_sha256":"7e937fe8b947229eff5336439076f1464665a6834260c60fca7ab3f7f33bd573"}}