{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y","short_pith_number":"pith:ZJV237YY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1611.09925","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-11-29T22:35:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"efbde95394aa3181d7d7022c3a4f69eb50bf166f4692c3916607f4328777e7e5","abstract_canon_sha256":"7d02720ea68e722512621453d3bad8e743b1cb16b180aa5f376100fea7b0b910"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ca6badff18d1eb51d6915ff8198456e602ea5bc10c289fbb04084acc8619091c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1611.09925","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1611.09925","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1611.09925v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1611.09925","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZJV237YY2HVV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZJV237YY2HVVDVUR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZJV237YY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1611.09925","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-11-29T22:35:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"efbde95394aa3181d7d7022c3a4f69eb50bf166f4692c3916607f4328777e7e5","abstract_canon_sha256":"7d02720ea68e722512621453d3bad8e743b1cb16b180aa5f376100fea7b0b910"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ca6badff18d1eb51d6915ff8198456e602ea5bc10c289fbb04084acc8619091c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46.712238Z","signature_b64":"VxM8Zq1xrXsCE13AkeDRrSRBqPKRDs0St7yS8XMTxW8kOxDeKd1LWDz/1NwHbBLccrYZey/1iMCf7qyxIQ20Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ca6badff18d1eb51d6915ff8198456e602ea5bc10c289fbb04084acc8619091c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46.711559Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46.711559Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1611.09925","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bgfWkRG9gy2v9fXpblRZiFLLeBf9bDnbocFKcpCNQJSTLnSCVQqFqZ45fRqM/3URecTAiHjQY82n/XHC1Qr4Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T17:52:15.784759Z"},"content_sha256":"dd2c6e29d6b4c260e44cc2b2a508231fd137e7ec90b0616e6fcb7b29e4e604f7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dd2c6e29d6b4c260e44cc2b2a508231fd137e7ec90b0616e6fcb7b29e4e604f7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bounded, efficient and multiply robust estimation of average treatment effects using instrumental variables","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen, Linbo Wang","submitted_at":"2016-11-29T22:35:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Instrumental variables (IVs) are widely used for estimating causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. Under the standard IV model, however, the average treatment effect (ATE) is only partially identifiable. To address this, we propose novel assumptions that allow for identification of the ATE. Our identification assumptions are clearly separated from model assumptions needed for estimation, so that researchers are not required to commit to a specific observed data model in establishing identification. We then construct multiple estimators that are consistent under three differe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1611.09925","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x+Q58nBZr3eqitUdbI2nnZOdzagmORs3bWSt7FA+CIP0QfsoHtwTACd+mol7PGfsYZQi7tw1J8SUx+b5bioGBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T17:52:15.785411Z"},"content_sha256":"cb430bbc99fb819e39ed3aae5807c5ebdd09574fedf6d192393f42260d137254","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb430bbc99fb819e39ed3aae5807c5ebdd09574fedf6d192393f42260d137254"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T17:52:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:ZJV237YY2HVVDVURL74BTBCW4Y","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7d02720ea68e722512621453d3bad8e743b1cb16b180aa5f376100fea7b0b910","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-11-29T22:35:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"efbde95394aa3181d7d7022c3a4f69eb50bf166f4692c3916607f4328777e7e5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.09925","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1611.09925","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1611.09925v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1611.09925","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZJV237YY2HVV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZJV237YY2HVVDVUR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZJV237YY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cb430bbc99fb819e39ed3aae5807c5ebdd09574fedf6d192393f42260d137254","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Instrumental variables (IVs) are widely used for estimating causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. Under the standard IV model, however, the average treatment effect (ATE) is only partially identifiable. To address this, we propose novel assumptions that allow for identification of the ATE. Our identification assumptions are clearly separated from model assumptions needed for estimation, so that researchers are not required to commit to a specific observed data model in establishing identification. We then construct multiple estimators that are consistent under three differe","authors_text":"Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen, Linbo Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-11-29T22:35:01Z","title":"Bounded, efficient and multiply robust estimation of average treatment effects using instrumental variables"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1611.09925","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dd2c6e29d6b4c260e44cc2b2a508231fd137e7ec90b0616e6fcb7b29e4e604f7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7d02720ea68e722512621453d3bad8e743b1cb16b180aa5f376100fea7b0b910","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-11-29T22:35:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"efbde95394aa3181d7d7022c3a4f69eb50bf166f4692c3916607f4328777e7e5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.09925","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"ca6badff18d1eb51d6915ff8198456e602ea5bc10c289fbb04084acc8619091c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ca6badff18d1eb51d6915ff8198456e602ea5bc10c289fbb04084acc8619091c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46.711559Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46.711559Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VxM8Zq1xrXsCE13AkeDRrSRBqPKRDs0St7yS8XMTxW8kOxDeKd1LWDz/1NwHbBLccrYZey/1iMCf7qyxIQ20Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:46.712238Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1611.09925","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dd2c6e29d6b4c260e44cc2b2a508231fd137e7ec90b0616e6fcb7b29e4e604f7","sha256:cb430bbc99fb819e39ed3aae5807c5ebdd09574fedf6d192393f42260d137254"],"state_sha256":"6105101745415c28b672ec966cda4926e0d26eed175a85df1e39315ce8a2d85a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LwFpgBWcv2nNdiIitCv0cHc/x0nRcoV+A8sQ2wouueGNgtrUdZ/QJmCsKFNc2uSpFL641lzaAFJZQeXDXZEfDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T17:52:15.788982Z","bundle_sha256":"4816a3d6343d37cc6376f65dd197e1fa2663d93102fe04b1d757ef835efcee90"}}