{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457","short_pith_number":"pith:ZLOT6EJT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.14898","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-18T01:57:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.IR"],"title_canon_sha256":"95537a08d8ae0dc68831260858d5250c5f2c1fa24b6010157bf93141a78073b5","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7f02cb88200b8af42cccc7f9bc2a1c55f99ea7245ba7402fdca2a42616052a6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cadd3f113354d04d57bc2a5b5df2dceffda97520b5e4d45943c801b4e53b06c0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.14898","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.14898","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.14898v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.14898","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZLOT6EJTKTIE","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZLOT6EJT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.14898","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-18T01:57:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.IR"],"title_canon_sha256":"95537a08d8ae0dc68831260858d5250c5f2c1fa24b6010157bf93141a78073b5","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7f02cb88200b8af42cccc7f9bc2a1c55f99ea7245ba7402fdca2a42616052a6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cadd3f113354d04d57bc2a5b5df2dceffda97520b5e4d45943c801b4e53b06c0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41.580792Z","signature_b64":"NTZSYh4+JeIopfGkRS4oTeEt22eifyAeCtBCJ4Cd0aMIgXNrjOSGmlTtdnyxauBnI9o+5uzk+sK09bdKORR9BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cadd3f113354d04d57bc2a5b5df2dceffda97520b5e4d45943c801b4e53b06c0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41.580362Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41.580362Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.14898","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"abJsCLz5RlVqmL+2cmk4+8Tb93m+IblqvrzFMaDSByLOadF61yT4oZnIIIAYIyGCckgKQIjq/G1H1zEIyBjHCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T07:35:50.384270Z"},"content_sha256":"d2f4f991d240274d9ddb5db3267378a7980fe6dae3ebaf9f8a8f2a91614c993d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d2f4f991d240274d9ddb5db3267378a7980fe6dae3ebaf9f8a8f2a91614c993d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Retrieval-augmented systems can be dangerous medical communicators","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.IR"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Ayman Ali, Lionel Wong, Monica Agrawal, Raymond Xiong, Shannon Zeijang Shen, Yoon Kim","submitted_at":"2025-02-18T01:57:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Patients have long sought health information online, and increasingly, they are turning to generative AI to answer their health-related queries. Given the high stakes of the medical domain, techniques like retrieval-augmented generation and citation grounding have been widely promoted as methods to reduce hallucinations and improve the accuracy of AI-generated responses and have been widely adopted into search engines. This paper argues that even when these methods produce literally accurate content drawn from source documents sans hallucinations, they can still be highly misleading. Patients "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.14898","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.14898/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nqHVsBJroNgNbn9JwAACRT/RjwlIN1UGmtMcagSJT0w5IjF8RGxeVtxMvYqzp/dLKiJPLwZDQYtmexkPXkr2Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T07:35:50.385864Z"},"content_sha256":"7013a8c74621884568cb78cfa8985fe790d5495a3bf9b225047c37f2c11c4c8b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7013a8c74621884568cb78cfa8985fe790d5495a3bf9b225047c37f2c11c4c8b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T07:35:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54FJNV34W457","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7f02cb88200b8af42cccc7f9bc2a1c55f99ea7245ba7402fdca2a42616052a6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.IR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-18T01:57:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"95537a08d8ae0dc68831260858d5250c5f2c1fa24b6010157bf93141a78073b5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.14898","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.14898","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.14898v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.14898","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZLOT6EJTKTIE","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZLOT6EJTKTIE2V54","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZLOT6EJT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7013a8c74621884568cb78cfa8985fe790d5495a3bf9b225047c37f2c11c4c8b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.14898/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Patients have long sought health information online, and increasingly, they are turning to generative AI to answer their health-related queries. Given the high stakes of the medical domain, techniques like retrieval-augmented generation and citation grounding have been widely promoted as methods to reduce hallucinations and improve the accuracy of AI-generated responses and have been widely adopted into search engines. This paper argues that even when these methods produce literally accurate content drawn from source documents sans hallucinations, they can still be highly misleading. Patients ","authors_text":"Ayman Ali, Lionel Wong, Monica Agrawal, Raymond Xiong, Shannon Zeijang Shen, Yoon Kim","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.IR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-18T01:57:02Z","title":"Retrieval-augmented systems can be dangerous medical communicators"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.14898","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d2f4f991d240274d9ddb5db3267378a7980fe6dae3ebaf9f8a8f2a91614c993d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7f02cb88200b8af42cccc7f9bc2a1c55f99ea7245ba7402fdca2a42616052a6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.IR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-18T01:57:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"95537a08d8ae0dc68831260858d5250c5f2c1fa24b6010157bf93141a78073b5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.14898","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"cadd3f113354d04d57bc2a5b5df2dceffda97520b5e4d45943c801b4e53b06c0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cadd3f113354d04d57bc2a5b5df2dceffda97520b5e4d45943c801b4e53b06c0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41.580362Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41.580362Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NTZSYh4+JeIopfGkRS4oTeEt22eifyAeCtBCJ4Cd0aMIgXNrjOSGmlTtdnyxauBnI9o+5uzk+sK09bdKORR9BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:41.580792Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.14898","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d2f4f991d240274d9ddb5db3267378a7980fe6dae3ebaf9f8a8f2a91614c993d","sha256:7013a8c74621884568cb78cfa8985fe790d5495a3bf9b225047c37f2c11c4c8b"],"state_sha256":"0d851e5a40b922fab6558a0662e2f5223c8167d5456712c26ec9db692841b7d1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Pgvd9ixc0YK/M/snbI+p6bA/hNWw2Azuf/OUtGCa/qZqakN0DEZGF/R+oWXNlUzEnQ4ktEfMVmbnI5JEM8hICg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T07:35:50.402944Z","bundle_sha256":"bb0dfbe9ed8dd2737b2f57e71d4502f672d09d9041c786ec31bb27648f8baf3a"}}