{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE","short_pith_number":"pith:ZLWDXU2X","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.04576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-07T00:06:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"b7e5498d9958abc41afa9e9b73c8b27cdbcb531ea243866eb7415f456082526a","abstract_canon_sha256":"2886b3d0cdea94a11001184c62289ff48f316491f9a0772c8989e44ebef8850a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"caec3bd35711cb7a5bacd0fa0ea1b101140a25f51e6b8e33b8642828260a894f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.04576","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.04576","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.04576v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.04576","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZLWDXU2XCHFX","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZLWDXU2X","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.04576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-07T00:06:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"b7e5498d9958abc41afa9e9b73c8b27cdbcb531ea243866eb7415f456082526a","abstract_canon_sha256":"2886b3d0cdea94a11001184c62289ff48f316491f9a0772c8989e44ebef8850a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"caec3bd35711cb7a5bacd0fa0ea1b101140a25f51e6b8e33b8642828260a894f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53.731136Z","signature_b64":"S6/6JHxoK5W4b34DlaDnu062HE2P1wIPH/MLYXdhhhxSVwpJvtqo6tjjUVWpbFHK8D2Td9/BwiAc1r+HKki/Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"caec3bd35711cb7a5bacd0fa0ea1b101140a25f51e6b8e33b8642828260a894f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53.730454Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53.730454Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.04576","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3+1lDOjns8EEFfNiqk2MSxO55mdLVtbUqBucZqOuvy4rJb28RwCtbW3q13cGeWyt6yOCbSHeYdQk5dlr+sEBAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:12:12.038748Z"},"content_sha256":"063ceb9f41c85212c3ffc1f6f25bf637b838056e2612484a4c0a6a45ad455119","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:063ceb9f41c85212c3ffc1f6f25bf637b838056e2612484a4c0a6a45ad455119"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Self-Regulation and Requesting Interventions","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Fahim Tajwar, Jimin Sun, Max Kaufmann, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, So Yeon Min, Yonatan Bisk, Yue Wu","submitted_at":"2025-02-07T00:06:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Human intelligence involves metacognitive abilities like self-regulation, recognizing limitations, and seeking assistance only when needed. While LLM Agents excel in many domains, they often lack this awareness. Overconfident agents risk catastrophic failures, while those that seek help excessively hinder efficiency. A key challenge is enabling agents with a limited intervention budget $C$ is to decide when to request assistance. In this paper, we propose an offline framework that trains a \"helper\" policy to request interventions, such as more powerful models or test-time compute, by combining"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.04576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.04576/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b1r+eQzwYcC0HZUOjXLfoAIya0u7MkCu/Ktdmm2i5ECHipqyKYBTcphzG3boWZFB7AOvXEzF4thROpGfvgJjDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:12:12.039117Z"},"content_sha256":"b12b04b325c2b2030aac001ab1ec07842e8c23cafe228bed97380180cee8fc7f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b12b04b325c2b2030aac001ab1ec07842e8c23cafe228bed97380180cee8fc7f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T13:12:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M2D5A5INRAE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2886b3d0cdea94a11001184c62289ff48f316491f9a0772c8989e44ebef8850a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-07T00:06:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"b7e5498d9958abc41afa9e9b73c8b27cdbcb531ea243866eb7415f456082526a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.04576","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.04576","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.04576v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.04576","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZLWDXU2XCHFX","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZLWDXU2XCHFXUW5M","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZLWDXU2X","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b12b04b325c2b2030aac001ab1ec07842e8c23cafe228bed97380180cee8fc7f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.04576/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Human intelligence involves metacognitive abilities like self-regulation, recognizing limitations, and seeking assistance only when needed. While LLM Agents excel in many domains, they often lack this awareness. Overconfident agents risk catastrophic failures, while those that seek help excessively hinder efficiency. A key challenge is enabling agents with a limited intervention budget $C$ is to decide when to request assistance. In this paper, we propose an offline framework that trains a \"helper\" policy to request interventions, such as more powerful models or test-time compute, by combining","authors_text":"Fahim Tajwar, Jimin Sun, Max Kaufmann, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, So Yeon Min, Yonatan Bisk, Yue Wu","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-07T00:06:17Z","title":"Self-Regulation and Requesting Interventions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.04576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:063ceb9f41c85212c3ffc1f6f25bf637b838056e2612484a4c0a6a45ad455119","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2886b3d0cdea94a11001184c62289ff48f316491f9a0772c8989e44ebef8850a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-02-07T00:06:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"b7e5498d9958abc41afa9e9b73c8b27cdbcb531ea243866eb7415f456082526a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.04576","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"caec3bd35711cb7a5bacd0fa0ea1b101140a25f51e6b8e33b8642828260a894f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"caec3bd35711cb7a5bacd0fa0ea1b101140a25f51e6b8e33b8642828260a894f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53.730454Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53.730454Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"S6/6JHxoK5W4b34DlaDnu062HE2P1wIPH/MLYXdhhhxSVwpJvtqo6tjjUVWpbFHK8D2Td9/BwiAc1r+HKki/Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:10:53.731136Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.04576","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:063ceb9f41c85212c3ffc1f6f25bf637b838056e2612484a4c0a6a45ad455119","sha256:b12b04b325c2b2030aac001ab1ec07842e8c23cafe228bed97380180cee8fc7f"],"state_sha256":"7853887a564dfd28d694eccff054a48085ede837bc7ad45f449e2bd50592afb0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NSL0meeRpIf+vqZG9Jbd2Mc7oXcIEOy7FpgKaDUXML1fPug7n2PY8Jf1KeE8Ncazo12pO+pk9x1YpdZbp63LBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:12:12.041003Z","bundle_sha256":"fdbc237ee0bbda4ca343c2ff945d9c6f26e42f139be5866dece0cfa9aba4c42f"}}