{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO","short_pith_number":"pith:ZNXGZYHM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.16009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T10:23:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"b80bb77dafda115ed02b8cd30481ee0a47de23198248eb746784ba4019c9fdf5","abstract_canon_sha256":"e6d2d3a3df54cb116c6862643c938e614e6ef01ef6e65a1b849185b39c467bc5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cb6e6ce0ec7c72565a1d147a3161c4438e425d42aac93fc4c21825d36b15cda2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.16009","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.16009","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.16009v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.16009","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZNXGZYHMPRZF","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZNXGZYHM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.16009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T10:23:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"b80bb77dafda115ed02b8cd30481ee0a47de23198248eb746784ba4019c9fdf5","abstract_canon_sha256":"e6d2d3a3df54cb116c6862643c938e614e6ef01ef6e65a1b849185b39c467bc5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cb6e6ce0ec7c72565a1d147a3161c4438e425d42aac93fc4c21825d36b15cda2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04.181851Z","signature_b64":"MLFFl2Z3l1R5apMDuKXzLbuIiUvo673/VX//b8XYlGYYRCKdDAEMEkx9hYieFt8b4C5HkgQ9sdynqCqSa9/jDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cb6e6ce0ec7c72565a1d147a3161c4438e425d42aac93fc4c21825d36b15cda2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04.181447Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04.181447Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2503.16009","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A4iOaeknAKBngiAvSmf87CNoVlLio840nXygR5n1ordXXti+5V+UisKdrmNNLMrtF7US8qkt0209l3PWAEXbBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T13:25:32.589808Z"},"content_sha256":"35cf5db9d9c298e62b964c727e3ac9acd20d65025907bba6a1293ac03dc20526","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:35cf5db9d9c298e62b964c727e3ac9acd20d65025907bba6a1293ac03dc20526"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Striking Impact of Natural Hazard Risk on Global Green Hydrogen Cost","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Christoph Winkler, Detlef Stolten, Heidi Heinrichs, Jochen Lin{\\ss}en, Justus Hugenberg, Maximilian Stargardt","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T10:23:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Due to climate change, natural hazards that affect energy infrastructure will become more frequent in the future. However, to incorporate natural hazard risk into infrastructure investment decisions, we develop an approach to translate this risk into discount rates. Thus, our newly developed discount rate approach incorporates both economic risk and natural hazard risk. To illustrate the impact of including the risk of natural hazards, we apply country-specific discount rates for hydrogen production costs. The country-specific relative difference in hydrogen generation cost ranges from a 96% s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.16009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.16009/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CQzKWT4NeWvBz8DedwUYHsOs9kwzYfLY84j7CE2CQRf3gEn+dsydf4z3GWQo2xnql7oHE7rxnoTorHKZnGihAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T13:25:32.597193Z"},"content_sha256":"60321a2bf10911ed09fc12e6e5dfe76461ecd32b8626f342c7cb2802aac90e47","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:60321a2bf10911ed09fc12e6e5dfe76461ecd32b8626f342c7cb2802aac90e47"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T13:25:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5CR5DCYOEIO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e6d2d3a3df54cb116c6862643c938e614e6ef01ef6e65a1b849185b39c467bc5","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T10:23:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"b80bb77dafda115ed02b8cd30481ee0a47de23198248eb746784ba4019c9fdf5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.16009","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.16009","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.16009v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.16009","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZNXGZYHMPRZF","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZNXGZYHMPRZFMWQ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZNXGZYHM","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:60321a2bf10911ed09fc12e6e5dfe76461ecd32b8626f342c7cb2802aac90e47","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.16009/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Due to climate change, natural hazards that affect energy infrastructure will become more frequent in the future. However, to incorporate natural hazard risk into infrastructure investment decisions, we develop an approach to translate this risk into discount rates. Thus, our newly developed discount rate approach incorporates both economic risk and natural hazard risk. To illustrate the impact of including the risk of natural hazards, we apply country-specific discount rates for hydrogen production costs. The country-specific relative difference in hydrogen generation cost ranges from a 96% s","authors_text":"Christoph Winkler, Detlef Stolten, Heidi Heinrichs, Jochen Lin{\\ss}en, Justus Hugenberg, Maximilian Stargardt","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T10:23:11Z","title":"The Striking Impact of Natural Hazard Risk on Global Green Hydrogen Cost"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.16009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:35cf5db9d9c298e62b964c727e3ac9acd20d65025907bba6a1293ac03dc20526","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e6d2d3a3df54cb116c6862643c938e614e6ef01ef6e65a1b849185b39c467bc5","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T10:23:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"b80bb77dafda115ed02b8cd30481ee0a47de23198248eb746784ba4019c9fdf5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.16009","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"cb6e6ce0ec7c72565a1d147a3161c4438e425d42aac93fc4c21825d36b15cda2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cb6e6ce0ec7c72565a1d147a3161c4438e425d42aac93fc4c21825d36b15cda2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04.181447Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04.181447Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"MLFFl2Z3l1R5apMDuKXzLbuIiUvo673/VX//b8XYlGYYRCKdDAEMEkx9hYieFt8b4C5HkgQ9sdynqCqSa9/jDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:36:04.181851Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.16009","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:35cf5db9d9c298e62b964c727e3ac9acd20d65025907bba6a1293ac03dc20526","sha256:60321a2bf10911ed09fc12e6e5dfe76461ecd32b8626f342c7cb2802aac90e47"],"state_sha256":"99f3d5f438184883260da67ec8fdf2486c38732cafe0786afcf2843afddd2aa0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MbCMqmfN0DRAsTOoogbn7d7ugwrbGR2Z0GfJ6AEhXNvz9hJZ5kEc0UbjP3LEI8CnVSUADZ/hOx0Z2bBVE4FyCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T13:25:32.612438Z","bundle_sha256":"0779225710d07b38da2a53bfd6538d5686fe65c4afae84db4e0aa993c9473cf6"}}