{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV","short_pith_number":"pith:ZOI2D4OC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.15037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-26T21:11:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"a3620ffe81bf66d640354639069204afda3257c1a220f96d0da445dd551e71f3","abstract_canon_sha256":"271980eec36b1b7d4fe46e69bbdff3d4078adc4886a0927c3a0f1045df061c5e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cb91a1f1c2d53b735710c987c21956ad74f2d981b03bb0a778697c25aad35194","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.15037","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.15037","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.15037v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.15037","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZOI2D4OC2U5X","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZOI2D4OC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.15037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-26T21:11:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"a3620ffe81bf66d640354639069204afda3257c1a220f96d0da445dd551e71f3","abstract_canon_sha256":"271980eec36b1b7d4fe46e69bbdff3d4078adc4886a0927c3a0f1045df061c5e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cb91a1f1c2d53b735710c987c21956ad74f2d981b03bb0a778697c25aad35194","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01.301543Z","signature_b64":"m4/zQU9ydLZ8fsf3gFqEI2PacIPJLfsmJTqM/0sjhJ/lQA8xnE+D5MRJL4Bf4RFYfptlNObyFMYYPVvKFZQoAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cb91a1f1c2d53b735710c987c21956ad74f2d981b03bb0a778697c25aad35194","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01.301131Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01.301131Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2210.15037","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0MHrJ+KfbYVtzQktuh7ZoXYIBW8sQCFUC7aFgtr5awu3zpL4dDCh8g3+qU9JiCD/rWozvat2hOjcBQchNhyQBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:53:33.122413Z"},"content_sha256":"4ee8e9192e7dbdfdd0e4bc346045378dc35dc485a6d52be7be5bc7e6dd4273ba","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4ee8e9192e7dbdfdd0e4bc346045378dc35dc485a6d52be7be5bc7e6dd4273ba"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Generalization Differences between End-to-End and Neuro-Symbolic Vision-Language Reasoning Systems","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Jesse Thomason, Robin Jia, Wang Zhu","submitted_at":"2022-10-26T21:11:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"For vision-and-language reasoning tasks, both fully connectionist, end-to-end methods and hybrid, neuro-symbolic methods have achieved high in-distribution performance. In which out-of-distribution settings does each paradigm excel? We investigate this question on both single-image and multi-image visual question-answering through four types of generalization tests: a novel segment-combine test for multi-image queries, contrast set, compositional generalization, and cross-benchmark transfer. Vision-and-language end-to-end trained systems exhibit sizeable performance drops across all these test"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.15037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.15037/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7ckjkuYP8t5xrtoljN9CRZ59d/ryqbDa4kl3tlVZ7h6AopJLCvQWpNzy4l9XMbxJj4bASZS+a2DdeDu0hJivCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:53:33.123102Z"},"content_sha256":"066386ed50ed1ba8053d7969115db691b5a4da9f75aa95094a51b82a3362d735","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:066386ed50ed1ba8053d7969115db691b5a4da9f75aa95094a51b82a3362d735"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T09:53:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQZGD4EGKWVV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"271980eec36b1b7d4fe46e69bbdff3d4078adc4886a0927c3a0f1045df061c5e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-26T21:11:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"a3620ffe81bf66d640354639069204afda3257c1a220f96d0da445dd551e71f3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.15037","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.15037","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.15037v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.15037","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZOI2D4OC2U5X","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZOI2D4OC2U5XGVYQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZOI2D4OC","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:066386ed50ed1ba8053d7969115db691b5a4da9f75aa95094a51b82a3362d735","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.15037/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"For vision-and-language reasoning tasks, both fully connectionist, end-to-end methods and hybrid, neuro-symbolic methods have achieved high in-distribution performance. In which out-of-distribution settings does each paradigm excel? We investigate this question on both single-image and multi-image visual question-answering through four types of generalization tests: a novel segment-combine test for multi-image queries, contrast set, compositional generalization, and cross-benchmark transfer. Vision-and-language end-to-end trained systems exhibit sizeable performance drops across all these test","authors_text":"Jesse Thomason, Robin Jia, Wang Zhu","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-26T21:11:47Z","title":"Generalization Differences between End-to-End and Neuro-Symbolic Vision-Language Reasoning Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.15037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4ee8e9192e7dbdfdd0e4bc346045378dc35dc485a6d52be7be5bc7e6dd4273ba","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"271980eec36b1b7d4fe46e69bbdff3d4078adc4886a0927c3a0f1045df061c5e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-26T21:11:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"a3620ffe81bf66d640354639069204afda3257c1a220f96d0da445dd551e71f3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.15037","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"cb91a1f1c2d53b735710c987c21956ad74f2d981b03bb0a778697c25aad35194","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cb91a1f1c2d53b735710c987c21956ad74f2d981b03bb0a778697c25aad35194","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01.301131Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01.301131Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"m4/zQU9ydLZ8fsf3gFqEI2PacIPJLfsmJTqM/0sjhJ/lQA8xnE+D5MRJL4Bf4RFYfptlNObyFMYYPVvKFZQoAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:01.301543Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.15037","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4ee8e9192e7dbdfdd0e4bc346045378dc35dc485a6d52be7be5bc7e6dd4273ba","sha256:066386ed50ed1ba8053d7969115db691b5a4da9f75aa95094a51b82a3362d735"],"state_sha256":"04a150a366f2ec23979df53d123a688ad013f2ddae5d16736ab09f31a0512cbb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iO/YznZb6ZKgq/V3dq5Tqd2vnWDZMFI07roQuWFatQvaVbSLAWuu/62KT3STyVNPL/ERx2pyaELDkKxPRAo+Ag==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:53:33.129177Z","bundle_sha256":"a7110ffc69b27107d6b480e94b75767f6ef8ae1d16275fe501ff48bf85581737"}}