{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN","short_pith_number":"pith:ZPGTBRKF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.07474","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T01:26:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3ab5a61a1191cc6f1ea0ad00b83610673bc3d44b58178e4c6ec1552c0a3f01cc","abstract_canon_sha256":"6481a73f719c14faf898696c9ea6ed2930c0fb219fc8db551d99d762bbb52d5d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cbcd30c545e96063d984368b480cac837b75b4e0ccfa684f757c3fc38c1bd56e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.07474","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.07474","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.07474v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.07474","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZPGTBRKF5FQG","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWME","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZPGTBRKF","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.07474","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T01:26:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3ab5a61a1191cc6f1ea0ad00b83610673bc3d44b58178e4c6ec1552c0a3f01cc","abstract_canon_sha256":"6481a73f719c14faf898696c9ea6ed2930c0fb219fc8db551d99d762bbb52d5d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cbcd30c545e96063d984368b480cac837b75b4e0ccfa684f757c3fc38c1bd56e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57.315531Z","signature_b64":"PA1xXCrSGPfft6ykiNpszz10Hqjyca/+zDqWdzPXQKYzdq8VSPshiUMJz8RWUCo5gQkIGqqBYpAUhUV96qe7Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cbcd30c545e96063d984368b480cac837b75b4e0ccfa684f757c3fc38c1bd56e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57.314994Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57.314994Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.07474","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LMsB7jViGk3PnCptsYjF0hMMJmJCmaBdsIS98GzIWOnVr90JReRojzkWYVnwKaH6yzSfOdjhmOw4uLcKQI2lCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T19:49:16.140975Z"},"content_sha256":"8befe63d11db6163c12851aa287e39ab58003e5ade210a04ca9bc7982aa6ed39","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8befe63d11db6163c12851aa287e39ab58003e5ade210a04ca9bc7982aa6ed39"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Controlled Evaluation of Syntactic Knowledge in Multilingual Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Daria Kryvosheieva, Roger Levy","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T01:26:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Language models (LMs) are capable of acquiring elements of human-like syntactic knowledge. Targeted syntactic evaluation tests have been employed to measure how well they form generalizations about syntactic phenomena in high-resource languages such as English. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of LMs' capacity for syntactic generalizations in low-resource languages, which are responsible for much of the diversity of syntactic patterns worldwide. In this study, we develop targeted syntactic evaluation tests for three low-resource languages (Basque, Hindi, and Swahili) and use the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.07474","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.07474/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eBm5RDxSuc1bcb+cFxeL0KSlVKjfNlNdXL8eQthXHHk7v51BjX5K4z47CiUQbqLKJ13+tI+0F+/DZXPk/AN6DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T19:49:16.141463Z"},"content_sha256":"1e310e662414fd3db48785016b5931b04bc901aa7ec1dc9afaffbccf775a0f79","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1e310e662414fd3db48785016b5931b04bc901aa7ec1dc9afaffbccf775a0f79"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T19:49:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWMEG2FUQDFMQN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6481a73f719c14faf898696c9ea6ed2930c0fb219fc8db551d99d762bbb52d5d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T01:26:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"3ab5a61a1191cc6f1ea0ad00b83610673bc3d44b58178e4c6ec1552c0a3f01cc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.07474","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.07474","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.07474v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.07474","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZPGTBRKF5FQG","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZPGTBRKF5FQGHWME","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZPGTBRKF","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1e310e662414fd3db48785016b5931b04bc901aa7ec1dc9afaffbccf775a0f79","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.07474/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Language models (LMs) are capable of acquiring elements of human-like syntactic knowledge. Targeted syntactic evaluation tests have been employed to measure how well they form generalizations about syntactic phenomena in high-resource languages such as English. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of LMs' capacity for syntactic generalizations in low-resource languages, which are responsible for much of the diversity of syntactic patterns worldwide. In this study, we develop targeted syntactic evaluation tests for three low-resource languages (Basque, Hindi, and Swahili) and use the","authors_text":"Daria Kryvosheieva, Roger Levy","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T01:26:41Z","title":"Controlled Evaluation of Syntactic Knowledge in Multilingual Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.07474","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8befe63d11db6163c12851aa287e39ab58003e5ade210a04ca9bc7982aa6ed39","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6481a73f719c14faf898696c9ea6ed2930c0fb219fc8db551d99d762bbb52d5d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-12T01:26:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"3ab5a61a1191cc6f1ea0ad00b83610673bc3d44b58178e4c6ec1552c0a3f01cc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.07474","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"cbcd30c545e96063d984368b480cac837b75b4e0ccfa684f757c3fc38c1bd56e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cbcd30c545e96063d984368b480cac837b75b4e0ccfa684f757c3fc38c1bd56e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57.314994Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57.314994Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PA1xXCrSGPfft6ykiNpszz10Hqjyca/+zDqWdzPXQKYzdq8VSPshiUMJz8RWUCo5gQkIGqqBYpAUhUV96qe7Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:47:57.315531Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.07474","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8befe63d11db6163c12851aa287e39ab58003e5ade210a04ca9bc7982aa6ed39","sha256:1e310e662414fd3db48785016b5931b04bc901aa7ec1dc9afaffbccf775a0f79"],"state_sha256":"e4eb81b09c0c2aed9ca175328202cc27973312d4856e79b9a22d1dc30b680056"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AsA4gBHHvumBVPFAo1RL3oUiD1y/ypV6O4JNAeZrypbvcFTPWpDJ+EzVgjJXKSyF9Z7t1r6yaZDRoOkQMWcmDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T19:49:16.145142Z","bundle_sha256":"0c343e34d37a6a5355f39180789a6b0c84952cbfbc52a8e011c30853138e1001"}}