{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7","short_pith_number":"pith:ZQ3SLTXU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.08835","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-12-23T20:36:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"45524f06619658b4aaaf02ec30096b421f59fda0ec25854c063a0949df75094c","abstract_canon_sha256":"05f2208ea9b16f29ee585096d257bbe55c7eff986a83d98980269eecad07870c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cc3725cef46faed0ca863aae322c4a9fe4a72e76fb59df66d9ae72da2cf17bf1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1712.08835","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.08835","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.08835v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.08835","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZQ3SLTXUN6XN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZQ3SLTXU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.08835","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-12-23T20:36:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"45524f06619658b4aaaf02ec30096b421f59fda0ec25854c063a0949df75094c","abstract_canon_sha256":"05f2208ea9b16f29ee585096d257bbe55c7eff986a83d98980269eecad07870c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cc3725cef46faed0ca863aae322c4a9fe4a72e76fb59df66d9ae72da2cf17bf1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19.100884Z","signature_b64":"+4m4b+pCa0PcXigWkCo3kEgP3gsaop971APMoJEyc8aHacSCAomE5n6z4Lr3aollc8oL6xRiykeH01MEK42qDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cc3725cef46faed0ca863aae322c4a9fe4a72e76fb59df66d9ae72da2cf17bf1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19.100285Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19.100285Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1712.08835","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ear9tQD/NtZ3wOk+laRz6rKrb4NUrvcVN2aNA1MXs7atUl9nko5kZjEDaULgoS25vJId3GVN0mxgbcU6mufUCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T21:42:35.587752Z"},"content_sha256":"5d811644df7cbfc7923d9318d5a61eeccb9b37a87b55e979f2926d7f1e4aae14","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5d811644df7cbfc7923d9318d5a61eeccb9b37a87b55e979f2926d7f1e4aae14"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Viscotaxis: microswimmer navigation in viscosity gradients","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.bio-ph"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Benno Liebchen, Borge ten Hagen, Hartmut L\\\"owen, Paul Monderkamp","submitted_at":"2017-12-23T20:36:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"The survival of many microorganisms, like \\textit{Leptospira} or \\textit{Spiroplasma} bacteria, can depend on their ability to navigate towards regions of favorable viscosity. While this ability, called viscotaxis, has been observed in several bacterial experiments, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we provide a framework to study viscotaxis of self-propelled swimmers in slowly varying viscosity fields and show that suitable body shapes create viscotaxis based on a systematic asymmetry of viscous forces acting on a microswimmer. Our results shed new light on viscotaxis in \\textit"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.08835","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"24lnn0aj0vj5gsTi0I/YQVrGHcuFHOmMzu9tMo70xVFuJtIITqxovUsZjyBFrpcqsyoxGWolRpJ6xuBylEbxCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T21:42:35.588127Z"},"content_sha256":"5db02ba126bb11bf87d8704fd006a2fdbcb2458bdb9861a80a3149d0a4471bd5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5db02ba126bb11bf87d8704fd006a2fdbcb2458bdb9861a80a3149d0a4471bd5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T21:42:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUGHKXDELCKT7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"05f2208ea9b16f29ee585096d257bbe55c7eff986a83d98980269eecad07870c","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-12-23T20:36:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"45524f06619658b4aaaf02ec30096b421f59fda0ec25854c063a0949df75094c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.08835","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.08835","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.08835v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.08835","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZQ3SLTXUN6XN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZQ3SLTXUN6XNBSUG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZQ3SLTXU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5db02ba126bb11bf87d8704fd006a2fdbcb2458bdb9861a80a3149d0a4471bd5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The survival of many microorganisms, like \\textit{Leptospira} or \\textit{Spiroplasma} bacteria, can depend on their ability to navigate towards regions of favorable viscosity. While this ability, called viscotaxis, has been observed in several bacterial experiments, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we provide a framework to study viscotaxis of self-propelled swimmers in slowly varying viscosity fields and show that suitable body shapes create viscotaxis based on a systematic asymmetry of viscous forces acting on a microswimmer. Our results shed new light on viscotaxis in \\textit","authors_text":"Benno Liebchen, Borge ten Hagen, Hartmut L\\\"owen, Paul Monderkamp","cross_cats":["physics.bio-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-12-23T20:36:47Z","title":"Viscotaxis: microswimmer navigation in viscosity gradients"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.08835","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5d811644df7cbfc7923d9318d5a61eeccb9b37a87b55e979f2926d7f1e4aae14","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"05f2208ea9b16f29ee585096d257bbe55c7eff986a83d98980269eecad07870c","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.bio-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2017-12-23T20:36:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"45524f06619658b4aaaf02ec30096b421f59fda0ec25854c063a0949df75094c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.08835","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"cc3725cef46faed0ca863aae322c4a9fe4a72e76fb59df66d9ae72da2cf17bf1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cc3725cef46faed0ca863aae322c4a9fe4a72e76fb59df66d9ae72da2cf17bf1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19.100285Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19.100285Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+4m4b+pCa0PcXigWkCo3kEgP3gsaop971APMoJEyc8aHacSCAomE5n6z4Lr3aollc8oL6xRiykeH01MEK42qDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:19.100884Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1712.08835","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5d811644df7cbfc7923d9318d5a61eeccb9b37a87b55e979f2926d7f1e4aae14","sha256:5db02ba126bb11bf87d8704fd006a2fdbcb2458bdb9861a80a3149d0a4471bd5"],"state_sha256":"d5f2643979d399d88d087e90643484662db061e3a759be15cdf317238d53b60b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"di8ASAanz3MAqTfdm8OfwTM96xYP7fgnUbvLJ3sl4FTfxHHGMVUZ8dBMxQuZXjGYgXnADhpDcEDmp0hphbfFDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T21:42:35.591094Z","bundle_sha256":"e5d09ef656169f3a6f9fadb454026e222f5068392a459426a993a2f33fa221f5"}}