{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT","short_pith_number":"pith:ZQ7HB226","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1405.1603","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-05-07T13:37:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"9fa0f38876f08ef2452e1178c23af078a321621a45d831779cc959195f80c5c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"b792b4066e06cdc5f1e8ff6147d75727004bde896e15130e11b71ad37310207a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cc3e70eb5eb08da090ad32635c667b44e2fe7d29dee27e98cb4a611d09406b89","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1405.1603","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1405.1603","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1405.1603v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1405.1603","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZQ7HB226WCG2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZQ7HB226","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1405.1603","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-05-07T13:37:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"9fa0f38876f08ef2452e1178c23af078a321621a45d831779cc959195f80c5c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"b792b4066e06cdc5f1e8ff6147d75727004bde896e15130e11b71ad37310207a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cc3e70eb5eb08da090ad32635c667b44e2fe7d29dee27e98cb4a611d09406b89","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24.364875Z","signature_b64":"3OZbp6koWC3g+gpkxz3DMw4YfxJHeUsz8Z2f0ChGmjpPNaivzs/UDe8PeCH8McXl7Aj8zGCv4S6wpkWWUEaiAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cc3e70eb5eb08da090ad32635c667b44e2fe7d29dee27e98cb4a611d09406b89","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24.364151Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24.364151Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1405.1603","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KBmfq119svrC0NjormDcjfblXSlGdBKsChH+ai0SbZhgvF2rZSwDpRUSz4KBYPrJaPNllZKIXcen8g1/zJGoBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T17:54:39.802844Z"},"content_sha256":"a6d233c100c046a8af5e0a807088b7f0934fb9405777689af5652316f5359f7f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a6d233c100c046a8af5e0a807088b7f0934fb9405777689af5652316f5359f7f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"PenPC: A Two-step Approach to Estimate the Skeletons of High Dimensional Directed Acyclic Graphs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.AP"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Jichun Xie, Min Jin Ha, Wei Sun","submitted_at":"2014-05-07T13:37:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Estimation of the skeleton of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is of great importance for understanding the underlying DAG and causaleffects can be assessed from the skeleton when the DAG is notidentifiable. We propose a novel method named PenPC toestimate the skeleton of a high-dimensional DAG by a two-stepapproach. We first estimate the non-zero entries of a concentrationmatrix using penalized regression, and then fix the differencebetween the concentration matrix and the skeleton by evaluating aset of conditional independence hypotheses. For high dimensionalproblems where the number of vertic"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1405.1603","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MD8uDDzwPXs6x+I3tB3waWTjFAE+LWzJUn2iojskfqiT8XrJHDYdX4PyaE7NGR4K2d9wVnuMkdE2HiAHuch8CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T17:54:39.803188Z"},"content_sha256":"a2acbf407b180c981791b586f731d920aa36429ac8ccb817d5adc1012c2b3fe6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a2acbf407b180c981791b586f731d920aa36429ac8ccb817d5adc1012c2b3fe6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T17:54:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFNGJRVYZT3IT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b792b4066e06cdc5f1e8ff6147d75727004bde896e15130e11b71ad37310207a","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-05-07T13:37:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"9fa0f38876f08ef2452e1178c23af078a321621a45d831779cc959195f80c5c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1405.1603","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1405.1603","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1405.1603v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1405.1603","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZQ7HB226WCG2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZQ7HB226WCG2BEFN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZQ7HB226","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a2acbf407b180c981791b586f731d920aa36429ac8ccb817d5adc1012c2b3fe6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Estimation of the skeleton of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is of great importance for understanding the underlying DAG and causaleffects can be assessed from the skeleton when the DAG is notidentifiable. We propose a novel method named PenPC toestimate the skeleton of a high-dimensional DAG by a two-stepapproach. We first estimate the non-zero entries of a concentrationmatrix using penalized regression, and then fix the differencebetween the concentration matrix and the skeleton by evaluating aset of conditional independence hypotheses. For high dimensionalproblems where the number of vertic","authors_text":"Jichun Xie, Min Jin Ha, Wei Sun","cross_cats":["stat.AP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-05-07T13:37:00Z","title":"PenPC: A Two-step Approach to Estimate the Skeletons of High Dimensional Directed Acyclic Graphs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1405.1603","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a6d233c100c046a8af5e0a807088b7f0934fb9405777689af5652316f5359f7f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b792b4066e06cdc5f1e8ff6147d75727004bde896e15130e11b71ad37310207a","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-05-07T13:37:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"9fa0f38876f08ef2452e1178c23af078a321621a45d831779cc959195f80c5c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1405.1603","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"cc3e70eb5eb08da090ad32635c667b44e2fe7d29dee27e98cb4a611d09406b89","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cc3e70eb5eb08da090ad32635c667b44e2fe7d29dee27e98cb4a611d09406b89","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24.364151Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24.364151Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3OZbp6koWC3g+gpkxz3DMw4YfxJHeUsz8Z2f0ChGmjpPNaivzs/UDe8PeCH8McXl7Aj8zGCv4S6wpkWWUEaiAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:52:24.364875Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1405.1603","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a6d233c100c046a8af5e0a807088b7f0934fb9405777689af5652316f5359f7f","sha256:a2acbf407b180c981791b586f731d920aa36429ac8ccb817d5adc1012c2b3fe6"],"state_sha256":"7ade8910bdf34aa6aad2946228d2ff8682f5054aacd51a96138887641f96bce8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zw5U6MFcYjLBGjJv9eyYmlbmIgOF72u6HRDtc8XEm7uV8RuEpvki7QLhWTLmgaqD/L8xPmHG57e1KstW9dWwBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T17:54:39.805125Z","bundle_sha256":"14fb6eabd2b2d72fa7d14f27b6412b2616fdbba499b02a0533f6e07c48581a72"}}