{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX","short_pith_number":"pith:ZTYIUBKL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2602.04768","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T17:03:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"efded7dd2cd2f8e508f04fa7efddcee2af28d0535ed38dfb6fc44b88f7c4a912","abstract_canon_sha256":"999e4322d05cb0f76c24057106bbfe462e80d433e862cb1c9357965812ad7a91"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ccf08a054b1ada6a6a9e7c2feba6517de4f8b0f121e09a2228cce169991b914f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2602.04768","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2602.04768","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2602.04768v2","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2602.04768","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZTYIUBKLDLNG","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZTYIUBKL","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2602.04768","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T17:03:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"efded7dd2cd2f8e508f04fa7efddcee2af28d0535ed38dfb6fc44b88f7c4a912","abstract_canon_sha256":"999e4322d05cb0f76c24057106bbfe462e80d433e862cb1c9357965812ad7a91"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ccf08a054b1ada6a6a9e7c2feba6517de4f8b0f121e09a2228cce169991b914f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54.782488Z","signature_b64":"wp3+TMo+b8HjrdumbI+GTftOtxyQQHKWCED5d5DEExxdmyfBQgTVyFMscG3MTfbZScJGfmbl8LmGEB1oHwQXCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ccf08a054b1ada6a6a9e7c2feba6517de4f8b0f121e09a2228cce169991b914f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54.781798Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54.781798Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2602.04768","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TzQWpCglZABlBkgvQHYaWnURANpIvHa+1W/GuPn8DmBTlBdAeCbUMbRDoOBcxNFyh1UZJXWzvdJn8YgnV2FfCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T09:42:26.352527Z"},"content_sha256":"c2d1f309c943f6d6a4955b8a2837b82d2ac3072a0a62115b71007e5cd9f87271","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c2d1f309c943f6d6a4955b8a2837b82d2ac3072a0a62115b71007e5cd9f87271"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Billion-Scale Graph Foundation Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Ami Tavory, Andrey Isakov, Daniel Haimovich, David Abensur, Ido Guy, Maya Bechler-Speicher, Udi Weinsberg, Yoel Gottlieb","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T17:03:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Graph-structured data underpins many critical applications. While foundation models have transformed language and vision via large-scale pretraining and lightweight adaptation, extending this paradigm to general, real-world graphs is challenging. In this work, we present Graph Billion-Foundation-Fusion (GraphBFF): an end-to-end recipe for building billion-parameter Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) for large-scale heterogeneous graphs. Central to the recipe is the GraphBFF Transformer, a flexible and scalable architecture designed for practical billion-scale GFMs. Using the GraphBFF, we present n"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2602.04768","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2602.04768/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"f/xzUVTpQQN0dBOfYpQryulSMiAFA9fD2vQ6pijb5+8AXtNqSMyoqUoCLhxkdEDhs/1uF/DDUGC79aCKUYPbCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T09:42:26.352975Z"},"content_sha256":"97d661bd974c4e1716ccb03a50d7cf133b58f311a3cadcc5a7f4040c85b57239","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:97d661bd974c4e1716ccb03a50d7cf133b58f311a3cadcc5a7f4040c85b57239"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-23T09:42:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6PQX6XJSRPX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"999e4322d05cb0f76c24057106bbfe462e80d433e862cb1c9357965812ad7a91","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T17:03:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"efded7dd2cd2f8e508f04fa7efddcee2af28d0535ed38dfb6fc44b88f7c4a912"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2602.04768","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2602.04768","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2602.04768v2","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2602.04768","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZTYIUBKLDLNG","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZTYIUBKLDLNGU2U6","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZTYIUBKL","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:97d661bd974c4e1716ccb03a50d7cf133b58f311a3cadcc5a7f4040c85b57239","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2602.04768/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Graph-structured data underpins many critical applications. While foundation models have transformed language and vision via large-scale pretraining and lightweight adaptation, extending this paradigm to general, real-world graphs is challenging. In this work, we present Graph Billion-Foundation-Fusion (GraphBFF): an end-to-end recipe for building billion-parameter Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) for large-scale heterogeneous graphs. Central to the recipe is the GraphBFF Transformer, a flexible and scalable architecture designed for practical billion-scale GFMs. Using the GraphBFF, we present n","authors_text":"Ami Tavory, Andrey Isakov, Daniel Haimovich, David Abensur, Ido Guy, Maya Bechler-Speicher, Udi Weinsberg, Yoel Gottlieb","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T17:03:51Z","title":"Billion-Scale Graph Foundation Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2602.04768","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c2d1f309c943f6d6a4955b8a2837b82d2ac3072a0a62115b71007e5cd9f87271","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"999e4322d05cb0f76c24057106bbfe462e80d433e862cb1c9357965812ad7a91","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-02-04T17:03:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"efded7dd2cd2f8e508f04fa7efddcee2af28d0535ed38dfb6fc44b88f7c4a912"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2602.04768","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ccf08a054b1ada6a6a9e7c2feba6517de4f8b0f121e09a2228cce169991b914f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ccf08a054b1ada6a6a9e7c2feba6517de4f8b0f121e09a2228cce169991b914f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54.781798Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54.781798Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wp3+TMo+b8HjrdumbI+GTftOtxyQQHKWCED5d5DEExxdmyfBQgTVyFMscG3MTfbZScJGfmbl8LmGEB1oHwQXCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:54.782488Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2602.04768","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c2d1f309c943f6d6a4955b8a2837b82d2ac3072a0a62115b71007e5cd9f87271","sha256:97d661bd974c4e1716ccb03a50d7cf133b58f311a3cadcc5a7f4040c85b57239"],"state_sha256":"e3844450bccd53e6a29d97f5cef4457beb9f56d6f952c66d2b12878e468bc8e2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FBQq/tzOnlgd26PHkuLKPcj/dniuez8IyA/Zf7lZSlYWZSNxIc1n92DDGFWs4rL0l+Ww5pvpVkAyCvNEFiAoDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T09:42:26.357001Z","bundle_sha256":"875f70b2d46edefdc258995766ad4975027cd5bb8445bc8049288d2ce8a5a052"}}