{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y","short_pith_number":"pith:ZVHKW5Y2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1205.1588","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-05-08T04:20:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c474cb6e99a1eeb03c0df9016e97680d750b7d56c74c5b5e309e3fc2cfe97263","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b4287ecb45d468657f8de5c566651f84b6f76fb3edd3797125af78fb397ab8a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cd4eab771a23d923b463acc9639471e61701b471d96c4a9a30b4d2a73dc7d065","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1205.1588","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1205.1588","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1205.1588v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1205.1588","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZVHKW5Y2EPMS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZVHKW5Y2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1205.1588","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-05-08T04:20:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c474cb6e99a1eeb03c0df9016e97680d750b7d56c74c5b5e309e3fc2cfe97263","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b4287ecb45d468657f8de5c566651f84b6f76fb3edd3797125af78fb397ab8a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cd4eab771a23d923b463acc9639471e61701b471d96c4a9a30b4d2a73dc7d065","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52.096452Z","signature_b64":"UPFhIVPNzdD3E95EYgRZ3Xa9NA8Eq7uDMsnc7+i7a3FpadN1NdmCSGGxO6YF3jXwD0ViLqv6sd+ojH7TeYUAAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cd4eab771a23d923b463acc9639471e61701b471d96c4a9a30b4d2a73dc7d065","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52.095877Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52.095877Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1205.1588","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HacFrvGqw2tyj0b+amFLbPncvMbdXdK6sHxrXxx9PjnjEWMpV8IGXwH5K7S73mm1jKPD/pyaaU33PunYNf/RDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T12:38:16.938582Z"},"content_sha256":"a1c03b6dcbe17d371ad41ef4b4412fb143c7e685b658cfc2ea7ab2e91446e482","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a1c03b6dcbe17d371ad41ef4b4412fb143c7e685b658cfc2ea7ab2e91446e482"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Environmental Dependence of Galaxy Merger Rate in {\\Lambda}CDM Universe","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Hung-Yu Jian, Lihwai Lin, Tzihong Chiueh","submitted_at":"2012-05-08T04:20:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"We make use of four galaxy catalogs based on four different semi-analytical models (SAMs) implemented in the Millennium simulation to study the environmental effects and the model dependence of galaxy merger rate. We begin the analyses by finding that galaxy merger rate in the SAMs has mild redshift evolution, consistent with results of previous works. To study the environmental dependence of galaxy merger rate, we adopt two estimators, the local overdensity (1+{\\delta}n) defined as the surface density from the nth-nearest-neighbor (n = 6 is chosen in this study) and the host halo mass Mh. We "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1205.1588","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kqevs4DKZ12/8p1m2XoK+n7TsAFhia4QWHKEz7LFPFryF1nFN2mw/S7cDR35NkyJlEydB+CdriCgff6mmt+cDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T12:38:16.939134Z"},"content_sha256":"b74813540878e6843a746be07fa6479ac7f4772df2f636fe2b8f26febbd828de","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b74813540878e6843a746be07fa6479ac7f4772df2f636fe2b8f26febbd828de"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-01T12:38:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDDVTEWHFDR4Y","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b4287ecb45d468657f8de5c566651f84b6f76fb3edd3797125af78fb397ab8a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-05-08T04:20:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"c474cb6e99a1eeb03c0df9016e97680d750b7d56c74c5b5e309e3fc2cfe97263"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1205.1588","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1205.1588","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1205.1588v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1205.1588","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZVHKW5Y2EPMS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZVHKW5Y2EPMSHNDD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZVHKW5Y2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b74813540878e6843a746be07fa6479ac7f4772df2f636fe2b8f26febbd828de","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We make use of four galaxy catalogs based on four different semi-analytical models (SAMs) implemented in the Millennium simulation to study the environmental effects and the model dependence of galaxy merger rate. We begin the analyses by finding that galaxy merger rate in the SAMs has mild redshift evolution, consistent with results of previous works. To study the environmental dependence of galaxy merger rate, we adopt two estimators, the local overdensity (1+{\\delta}n) defined as the surface density from the nth-nearest-neighbor (n = 6 is chosen in this study) and the host halo mass Mh. We ","authors_text":"Hung-Yu Jian, Lihwai Lin, Tzihong Chiueh","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-05-08T04:20:43Z","title":"Environmental Dependence of Galaxy Merger Rate in {\\Lambda}CDM Universe"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1205.1588","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a1c03b6dcbe17d371ad41ef4b4412fb143c7e685b658cfc2ea7ab2e91446e482","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b4287ecb45d468657f8de5c566651f84b6f76fb3edd3797125af78fb397ab8a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-05-08T04:20:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"c474cb6e99a1eeb03c0df9016e97680d750b7d56c74c5b5e309e3fc2cfe97263"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1205.1588","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"cd4eab771a23d923b463acc9639471e61701b471d96c4a9a30b4d2a73dc7d065","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cd4eab771a23d923b463acc9639471e61701b471d96c4a9a30b4d2a73dc7d065","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52.095877Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52.095877Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UPFhIVPNzdD3E95EYgRZ3Xa9NA8Eq7uDMsnc7+i7a3FpadN1NdmCSGGxO6YF3jXwD0ViLqv6sd+ojH7TeYUAAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:50:52.096452Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1205.1588","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a1c03b6dcbe17d371ad41ef4b4412fb143c7e685b658cfc2ea7ab2e91446e482","sha256:b74813540878e6843a746be07fa6479ac7f4772df2f636fe2b8f26febbd828de"],"state_sha256":"e363c68912196f02c56d7adc3959ca44d53c8e6ccfef36fd36208b06d0acea8e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6UFSq1XFezMljLydhQluUpwgdhqsdyB/enQFYEIP4mVxSU8Df2hDHpO4E6FxlIPIAymN+g/4vG1kPVSaP3vTBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T12:38:16.942386Z","bundle_sha256":"547daa92493d81a46305433f60b6b92e391c8d18bff56dda84c0618c85d952d7"}}