{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24","short_pith_number":"pith:ZWW7LQKJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.08896","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-08-29T17:27:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0e82bfa418dee804b7a48d0f05d41b04476b12d37e3b2e6eda1b4a10aaf1cfde","abstract_canon_sha256":"3668595c8d496d5dd4fb027470559fc21e295728d90493f9a4a5c9b7711dd5a1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cdadf5c14924d82a5bb3493d1195c6d721631b5690f223db0b66ff6a29608a33","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1708.08896","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.08896","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.08896v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.08896","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZWW7LQKJETMC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZWW7LQKJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.08896","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-08-29T17:27:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0e82bfa418dee804b7a48d0f05d41b04476b12d37e3b2e6eda1b4a10aaf1cfde","abstract_canon_sha256":"3668595c8d496d5dd4fb027470559fc21e295728d90493f9a4a5c9b7711dd5a1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cdadf5c14924d82a5bb3493d1195c6d721631b5690f223db0b66ff6a29608a33","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25.297897Z","signature_b64":"ouZI37e7qG1rhC+/OXv2LDMRlrDgDFPCHWY0vvyPZo4E1kmYht46yKBaxyqNou7sFxAJEmQDgdc7y80amgw/BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cdadf5c14924d82a5bb3493d1195c6d721631b5690f223db0b66ff6a29608a33","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25.297082Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25.297082Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1708.08896","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i25nulcW5XawAuE/ssZiINxmE11NR4pxroL23w6YcGHDtSdtBSOnTVHpukmt1N4g8Uet0d8nPaeoz4ejS/e4CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T06:36:57.338755Z"},"content_sha256":"7986dc569e43f07d08ccb23c77b81ba170b1297d23630b1fdc7660da2783f798","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7986dc569e43f07d08ccb23c77b81ba170b1297d23630b1fdc7660da2783f798"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Linear stability of confined flow around a 180-degree sharp bend","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Azan M. Sapardi, Gregory J. Sheard, Wisam K. Hussam Alban Poth\\'erat","submitted_at":"2017-08-29T17:27:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"This study seeks to characterise the breakdown of the steady 2D solution in the flow around a 180-degree sharp bend to infinitesimal 3D disturbances using a linear stability analysis. The stability analysis predicts that 3D transition is via a synchronous instability of the steady flows. A highly accurate global linear stability analysis of the flow was conducted with Reynolds number $Re<1150$ and bend opening ratio (ratio of bend width to inlet height) $0.2\\leq\\beta\\leq5$. This range of $Re$ and $\\beta$ captures both steady-state 2D flow solutions as well as the inception of unsteady 2D flow."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.08896","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CGcfGovwfh/ppN3f1TLfxwnXDY/Dh3AN3DsonM3DMyBm3k1e4Dj09NKPNqEWf+ggpYjJxL4pfJ9xYal8bxPtCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T06:36:57.339099Z"},"content_sha256":"f0a171ba6c1d4b87601d202c827ea87dab998fe6a8abe969e2084d5682ec12cb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f0a171ba6c1d4b87601d202c827ea87dab998fe6a8abe969e2084d5682ec12cb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-02T06:36:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5TJE6RDFOG24","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3668595c8d496d5dd4fb027470559fc21e295728d90493f9a4a5c9b7711dd5a1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-08-29T17:27:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"0e82bfa418dee804b7a48d0f05d41b04476b12d37e3b2e6eda1b4a10aaf1cfde"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.08896","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.08896","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.08896v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.08896","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZWW7LQKJETMC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZWW7LQKJETMCUW5T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZWW7LQKJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f0a171ba6c1d4b87601d202c827ea87dab998fe6a8abe969e2084d5682ec12cb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This study seeks to characterise the breakdown of the steady 2D solution in the flow around a 180-degree sharp bend to infinitesimal 3D disturbances using a linear stability analysis. The stability analysis predicts that 3D transition is via a synchronous instability of the steady flows. A highly accurate global linear stability analysis of the flow was conducted with Reynolds number $Re<1150$ and bend opening ratio (ratio of bend width to inlet height) $0.2\\leq\\beta\\leq5$. This range of $Re$ and $\\beta$ captures both steady-state 2D flow solutions as well as the inception of unsteady 2D flow.","authors_text":"Azan M. Sapardi, Gregory J. Sheard, Wisam K. Hussam Alban Poth\\'erat","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-08-29T17:27:02Z","title":"Linear stability of confined flow around a 180-degree sharp bend"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.08896","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7986dc569e43f07d08ccb23c77b81ba170b1297d23630b1fdc7660da2783f798","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3668595c8d496d5dd4fb027470559fc21e295728d90493f9a4a5c9b7711dd5a1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-08-29T17:27:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"0e82bfa418dee804b7a48d0f05d41b04476b12d37e3b2e6eda1b4a10aaf1cfde"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.08896","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"cdadf5c14924d82a5bb3493d1195c6d721631b5690f223db0b66ff6a29608a33","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cdadf5c14924d82a5bb3493d1195c6d721631b5690f223db0b66ff6a29608a33","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25.297082Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25.297082Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ouZI37e7qG1rhC+/OXv2LDMRlrDgDFPCHWY0vvyPZo4E1kmYht46yKBaxyqNou7sFxAJEmQDgdc7y80amgw/BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:25.297897Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1708.08896","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7986dc569e43f07d08ccb23c77b81ba170b1297d23630b1fdc7660da2783f798","sha256:f0a171ba6c1d4b87601d202c827ea87dab998fe6a8abe969e2084d5682ec12cb"],"state_sha256":"07e5b23f4f11aece1e163cc9413770f11b4a92ecae375382010caad18f350e28"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"M6ZGwe+RtYbcTc3978u8HsJ1IyIalSz+F+ZLYQ7dMpjhitR0yhN1Of1WMct9K2p9POTUJL8MYkmO+wYPqv45AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T06:36:57.341080Z","bundle_sha256":"d581a8335c5e7b3a38679d74227047bbe8f0efd0e39e9d8700872d8d29e1a373"}}