{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3","short_pith_number":"pith:ZXY2W3G6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.08601","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T13:15:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a7c255c7bf915583175acf729b0f222cfc011d6e45f43ca9bd418d966ee2fbdf","abstract_canon_sha256":"2fbb8c0f30378e197ad5b01e11e378d26803687767a8ec29c38a84fe7e5d3fc0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cdf1ab6cde19f1954e6aca2c79163666deb98f793c2f657f0f317cb15fcfd88f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2303.08601","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.08601","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.08601v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.08601","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZXY2W3G6DHYZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTK","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZXY2W3G6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.08601","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T13:15:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a7c255c7bf915583175acf729b0f222cfc011d6e45f43ca9bd418d966ee2fbdf","abstract_canon_sha256":"2fbb8c0f30378e197ad5b01e11e378d26803687767a8ec29c38a84fe7e5d3fc0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"cdf1ab6cde19f1954e6aca2c79163666deb98f793c2f657f0f317cb15fcfd88f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12.880751Z","signature_b64":"CJ1IXR5FoL8VtfdYNdHlZQYypm2ya5wBxs8YzfimAjY1fx0hu73E1NehmH2l2lXTbvL00P6tOsrLgzUKlfbrCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"cdf1ab6cde19f1954e6aca2c79163666deb98f793c2f657f0f317cb15fcfd88f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12.880402Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12.880402Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2303.08601","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xTixcTdC5/Z6FKwEBLqwUojrH62zFnHBjVLlOCzj8/b/MFw1tTpmhlBmjYqQr8hv4ekBUuiI5d2Jpm+CAjaXBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:03:02.905673Z"},"content_sha256":"f25b813bf0062dc5c6b6afb8c74087590df5f4a8cb878ce94283b5b8471a308c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f25b813bf0062dc5c6b6afb8c74087590df5f4a8cb878ce94283b5b8471a308c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"GCRE-GPT: A Generative Model for Comparative Relation Extraction","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Aixin Sun, Hengran Zhang, Xuying Meng, Yequan Wang","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T13:15:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"Given comparative text, comparative relation extraction aims to extract two targets (\\eg two cameras) in comparison and the aspect they are compared for (\\eg image quality). The extracted comparative relations form the basis of further opinion analysis.Existing solutions formulate this task as a sequence labeling task, to extract targets and aspects. However, they cannot directly extract comparative relation(s) from text. In this paper, we show that comparative relations can be directly extracted with high accuracy, by generative model. Based on GPT-2, we propose a Generation-based Comparative"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.08601","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2303.08601/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tqLg9E6pHEnhWnOwjYJg9bbpGV3M/lpcRmp2Srfu7eWekhrkggA3PzoXnbmhDso7Dyc7IvU7M9MmWy2EHkuNBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:03:02.906157Z"},"content_sha256":"109e4bb535a63776c6744164b002a31392cb63b9848c9a1f69ec19930a633b7c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:109e4bb535a63776c6744164b002a31392cb63b9848c9a1f69ec19930a633b7c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T15:03:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTKZIWHSFRWM3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2fbb8c0f30378e197ad5b01e11e378d26803687767a8ec29c38a84fe7e5d3fc0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T13:15:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7c255c7bf915583175acf729b0f222cfc011d6e45f43ca9bd418d966ee2fbdf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.08601","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.08601","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.08601v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.08601","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZXY2W3G6DHYZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZXY2W3G6DHYZKTTK","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZXY2W3G6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:109e4bb535a63776c6744164b002a31392cb63b9848c9a1f69ec19930a633b7c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2303.08601/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Given comparative text, comparative relation extraction aims to extract two targets (\\eg two cameras) in comparison and the aspect they are compared for (\\eg image quality). The extracted comparative relations form the basis of further opinion analysis.Existing solutions formulate this task as a sequence labeling task, to extract targets and aspects. However, they cannot directly extract comparative relation(s) from text. In this paper, we show that comparative relations can be directly extracted with high accuracy, by generative model. Based on GPT-2, we propose a Generation-based Comparative","authors_text":"Aixin Sun, Hengran Zhang, Xuying Meng, Yequan Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T13:15:22Z","title":"GCRE-GPT: A Generative Model for Comparative Relation Extraction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.08601","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f25b813bf0062dc5c6b6afb8c74087590df5f4a8cb878ce94283b5b8471a308c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2fbb8c0f30378e197ad5b01e11e378d26803687767a8ec29c38a84fe7e5d3fc0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T13:15:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7c255c7bf915583175acf729b0f222cfc011d6e45f43ca9bd418d966ee2fbdf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.08601","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"cdf1ab6cde19f1954e6aca2c79163666deb98f793c2f657f0f317cb15fcfd88f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"cdf1ab6cde19f1954e6aca2c79163666deb98f793c2f657f0f317cb15fcfd88f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12.880402Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12.880402Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"CJ1IXR5FoL8VtfdYNdHlZQYypm2ya5wBxs8YzfimAjY1fx0hu73E1NehmH2l2lXTbvL00P6tOsrLgzUKlfbrCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:37:12.880751Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2303.08601","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f25b813bf0062dc5c6b6afb8c74087590df5f4a8cb878ce94283b5b8471a308c","sha256:109e4bb535a63776c6744164b002a31392cb63b9848c9a1f69ec19930a633b7c"],"state_sha256":"40a38a95c46174298e77879efde4cbd35fe645f813b8ffcf7496c94b96fa02e9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5ArwM0boqfGIRIUBP2AStb9DifJ5JpcRoLY/z+dz2CU0APkW0f3LgH99AIO6XDpnUb1E0Dk+F6LwDMtIn2bBAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:03:02.909807Z","bundle_sha256":"8a199e81a24a1d338207efa8f2781313e5e35ee743d591883ad080dc9197f204"}}