{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA","short_pith_number":"pith:ZYFI6CIK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.04731","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-09T20:15:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"21ac1bb75b1bae2aab5b020684290853df853edce7178d0b523c0345f6ae457b","abstract_canon_sha256":"cc3492db67599f6c57c00272fddad044be821aab7ebc08ccc7ba4fcde57e08c4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ce0a8f090a1756f17f3d63288b5c82982d743ab29df999b7b0b123c09b8d630f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2011.04731","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.04731","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.04731v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.04731","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZYFI6CIKC5LP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZYFI6CIK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.04731","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-09T20:15:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"21ac1bb75b1bae2aab5b020684290853df853edce7178d0b523c0345f6ae457b","abstract_canon_sha256":"cc3492db67599f6c57c00272fddad044be821aab7ebc08ccc7ba4fcde57e08c4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ce0a8f090a1756f17f3d63288b5c82982d743ab29df999b7b0b123c09b8d630f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11.995438Z","signature_b64":"oZaMw4M4TxUhwx1rME9viE0aMdBsMAkQMtkMDz8vrZCUhhv/wjFnL31Vh4gew25KEZRN1vY6NbJsrONg+G4eAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ce0a8f090a1756f17f3d63288b5c82982d743ab29df999b7b0b123c09b8d630f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11.995015Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11.995015Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2011.04731","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IM82qk265dIBo8zd+E2LTULfRhWQh8UhUpvd2A61re6tBJgK6XdDjUbzRTZNEkVrUIIUI0cpJXo4HjTN/tOUAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:54:59.303404Z"},"content_sha256":"ea2fc55977903b7423bd9a135c313465a31be02629b22a49d21db7f2491a5f1e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ea2fc55977903b7423bd9a135c313465a31be02629b22a49d21db7f2491a5f1e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Gravitational Waves as a Big Bang Thermometer","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Andreas Ringwald, Carlos Tamarit, Jan Sch\\\"utte-Engel","submitted_at":"2020-11-09T20:15:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"There is a guaranteed background of stochastic gravitational waves produced in the thermal plasma in the early universe. Its energy density per logarithmic frequency interval scales with the maximum temperature $T_{\\rm max}$ which the primordial plasma attained at the beginning of the standard hot big bang era. It peaks in the microwave range, at around $80\\,{\\rm GHz}\\,[106.75/g_{*s}(T_{\\rm max})]^{1/3}$, where $g_{*s}(T_{\\rm max})$ is the effective number of entropy degrees of freedom in the primordial plasma at $T_{\\rm max}$. We present a state-of-the-art prediction of this Cosmic Gravitatio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.04731","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.04731/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NdGPp1CG2FjDsRJBCNKFy24kf6Cor3sF0l5eyj8+sFMLzSweYLedZANG3sPv/2xpBkT43LKAfOAhM7Oj3W6/DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:54:59.303916Z"},"content_sha256":"cfe1c85a0158f9e87c9f61cad89cf15538607978c256914592027bd89974d569","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cfe1c85a0158f9e87c9f61cad89cf15538607978c256914592027bd89974d569"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T23:54:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5MMUIWXECTA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cc3492db67599f6c57c00272fddad044be821aab7ebc08ccc7ba4fcde57e08c4","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-09T20:15:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"21ac1bb75b1bae2aab5b020684290853df853edce7178d0b523c0345f6ae457b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.04731","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.04731","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.04731v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.04731","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZYFI6CIKC5LP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZYFI6CIKC5LPC7Z5","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZYFI6CIK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cfe1c85a0158f9e87c9f61cad89cf15538607978c256914592027bd89974d569","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2011.04731/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There is a guaranteed background of stochastic gravitational waves produced in the thermal plasma in the early universe. Its energy density per logarithmic frequency interval scales with the maximum temperature $T_{\\rm max}$ which the primordial plasma attained at the beginning of the standard hot big bang era. It peaks in the microwave range, at around $80\\,{\\rm GHz}\\,[106.75/g_{*s}(T_{\\rm max})]^{1/3}$, where $g_{*s}(T_{\\rm max})$ is the effective number of entropy degrees of freedom in the primordial plasma at $T_{\\rm max}$. We present a state-of-the-art prediction of this Cosmic Gravitatio","authors_text":"Andreas Ringwald, Carlos Tamarit, Jan Sch\\\"utte-Engel","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-09T20:15:36Z","title":"Gravitational Waves as a Big Bang Thermometer"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.04731","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ea2fc55977903b7423bd9a135c313465a31be02629b22a49d21db7f2491a5f1e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cc3492db67599f6c57c00272fddad044be821aab7ebc08ccc7ba4fcde57e08c4","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2020-11-09T20:15:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"21ac1bb75b1bae2aab5b020684290853df853edce7178d0b523c0345f6ae457b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.04731","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ce0a8f090a1756f17f3d63288b5c82982d743ab29df999b7b0b123c09b8d630f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ce0a8f090a1756f17f3d63288b5c82982d743ab29df999b7b0b123c09b8d630f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11.995015Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11.995015Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oZaMw4M4TxUhwx1rME9viE0aMdBsMAkQMtkMDz8vrZCUhhv/wjFnL31Vh4gew25KEZRN1vY6NbJsrONg+G4eAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:24:11.995438Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2011.04731","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ea2fc55977903b7423bd9a135c313465a31be02629b22a49d21db7f2491a5f1e","sha256:cfe1c85a0158f9e87c9f61cad89cf15538607978c256914592027bd89974d569"],"state_sha256":"9e716d978002b9ad2da6ac90e6c696107c4297ed05d0ba84c68b807c4b9fb770"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yVtAIFDj2plnM8KGWHdgWWs7XROwgVOA/22YeIQZ7O1GjXcIWiSXzzvH0Cogyrb9RfPAdukBBlDYnLxCU6oUCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:54:59.308636Z","bundle_sha256":"335f290d85d6d21a18119310a349640f4cba60d3c27d3e5a4b7e7e77b3734fce"}}