{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE","short_pith_number":"pith:ZYG2IUMN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.11436","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T15:58:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"4d3184f85bb7a3d59c8764706703bab83f46449633cc06ada02d4f93223a9f2c","abstract_canon_sha256":"b1e5ff50c86b44e1999991c863b2f26065fab952247e7767bdaad92f8bd64934"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ce0da4518dcee3c3a1969442219260212d856a7c0d3f51ac34eed8aaa431f1e0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.11436","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.11436","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.11436v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.11436","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZYG2IUMNZ3R4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZYG2IUMN","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.11436","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T15:58:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"4d3184f85bb7a3d59c8764706703bab83f46449633cc06ada02d4f93223a9f2c","abstract_canon_sha256":"b1e5ff50c86b44e1999991c863b2f26065fab952247e7767bdaad92f8bd64934"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ce0da4518dcee3c3a1969442219260212d856a7c0d3f51ac34eed8aaa431f1e0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39.293570Z","signature_b64":"o5fytfZirmT0D1xrV5wkA8WeVaaYOkBQg6udPqHU90rGPyGKA3y16OfrppNWGFnuEwLvEcAVNkRedLPa94KsAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ce0da4518dcee3c3a1969442219260212d856a7c0d3f51ac34eed8aaa431f1e0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39.293040Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39.293040Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.11436","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xqedWq6xU5AoOVCWRkMM/WQMWUOG06usPM8Zy7+ihdCxWiDyyUa//Mr/wMCyUWpxgs12cgBuXrnHS0WHzS9WCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T23:32:40.907909Z"},"content_sha256":"870cf62af6735d22fad03dfe856cdb7400946ddd617383bd7e765e71b8ea0736","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:870cf62af6735d22fad03dfe856cdb7400946ddd617383bd7e765e71b8ea0736"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Toward Improving fNIRS Classification: A Study on Activation Functions in Deep Neural Architectures","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Behtom Adeli, John McLinden, Ming Shao, Pankaj Pandey, Yalda Shahriari","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T15:58:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Activation functions are critical to the performance of deep neural networks, particularly in domains such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), where nonlinearity, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and signal variability poses significant challenges to model accuracy. However, the impact of activation functions on deep learning (DL) performance in the fNIRS domain remains underexplored and lacks systematic investigation in the current literature. This study evaluates a range of conventional and field-specific activation functions for fNIRS classification tasks using multiple deep l"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.11436","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.11436/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"L+20vMKm3ON3wp30T2mJ7uZGeo1tBhCuUpGPWXz6pcAL7Lm6MNLVRFQCHWSDfXYu5t+VSWXg5qxYa22X0vU2Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T23:32:40.908284Z"},"content_sha256":"75f5ca1e02c77f4848ba08d2e02d20495d131d1747deed9ce55b9dd9a5ffdcb8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:75f5ca1e02c77f4848ba08d2e02d20495d131d1747deed9ce55b9dd9a5ffdcb8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T23:32:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMWSRBCDETAEE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b1e5ff50c86b44e1999991c863b2f26065fab952247e7767bdaad92f8bd64934","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T15:58:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"4d3184f85bb7a3d59c8764706703bab83f46449633cc06ada02d4f93223a9f2c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.11436","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.11436","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.11436v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.11436","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZYG2IUMNZ3R4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZYG2IUMNZ3R4HIMW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZYG2IUMN","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:75f5ca1e02c77f4848ba08d2e02d20495d131d1747deed9ce55b9dd9a5ffdcb8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.11436/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Activation functions are critical to the performance of deep neural networks, particularly in domains such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), where nonlinearity, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and signal variability poses significant challenges to model accuracy. However, the impact of activation functions on deep learning (DL) performance in the fNIRS domain remains underexplored and lacks systematic investigation in the current literature. This study evaluates a range of conventional and field-specific activation functions for fNIRS classification tasks using multiple deep l","authors_text":"Behtom Adeli, John McLinden, Ming Shao, Pankaj Pandey, Yalda Shahriari","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T15:58:36Z","title":"Toward Improving fNIRS Classification: A Study on Activation Functions in Deep Neural Architectures"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.11436","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:870cf62af6735d22fad03dfe856cdb7400946ddd617383bd7e765e71b8ea0736","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b1e5ff50c86b44e1999991c863b2f26065fab952247e7767bdaad92f8bd64934","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T15:58:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"4d3184f85bb7a3d59c8764706703bab83f46449633cc06ada02d4f93223a9f2c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.11436","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ce0da4518dcee3c3a1969442219260212d856a7c0d3f51ac34eed8aaa431f1e0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ce0da4518dcee3c3a1969442219260212d856a7c0d3f51ac34eed8aaa431f1e0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39.293040Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39.293040Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"o5fytfZirmT0D1xrV5wkA8WeVaaYOkBQg6udPqHU90rGPyGKA3y16OfrppNWGFnuEwLvEcAVNkRedLPa94KsAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:39.293570Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.11436","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:870cf62af6735d22fad03dfe856cdb7400946ddd617383bd7e765e71b8ea0736","sha256:75f5ca1e02c77f4848ba08d2e02d20495d131d1747deed9ce55b9dd9a5ffdcb8"],"state_sha256":"4d374c724d18129f0f7b0f28275b99a61d89a8e3bb29c33c48549c41441d3906"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZnhhDKxkRVfvvmyW3cPP5UrwsPbvsu1PySkcwmm6L1D2uSEucpbCSRnS8f2J6x+hhnfyFHuI+vOWaBG1nGGICw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T23:32:40.910228Z","bundle_sha256":"3bb638c69ef55cd673851e1ebbef3b47748aa8d832451c1ab4df8be1399baf02"}}