{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR","short_pith_number":"pith:ZZA6LR5T","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1709.03106","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2017-09-10T14:40:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"title_canon_sha256":"d874e4ac27b4d6887662e0380244f119e53c5c7dd87e571154119d3ee83aff23","abstract_canon_sha256":"962c9a7a5b665b5566f0d42ff7088db2dba8291b262570861fc51fd906810802"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ce41e5c7b3ea7990cc243eb7cdc7841c4625b103e50cdc09719bb71215cb8d10","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1709.03106","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1709.03106","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1709.03106v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1709.03106","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZZA6LR5T5J4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZZA6LR5T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1709.03106","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2017-09-10T14:40:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"title_canon_sha256":"d874e4ac27b4d6887662e0380244f119e53c5c7dd87e571154119d3ee83aff23","abstract_canon_sha256":"962c9a7a5b665b5566f0d42ff7088db2dba8291b262570861fc51fd906810802"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ce41e5c7b3ea7990cc243eb7cdc7841c4625b103e50cdc09719bb71215cb8d10","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39.371821Z","signature_b64":"3DdX5kGV1AJFbadnekMkCoGNzOnoctiw9NfT/WTj1dwKm6g+5VYIjBzuafQ8TZv6sGsR28ZOmOz3XcP1IYMoCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ce41e5c7b3ea7990cc243eb7cdc7841c4625b103e50cdc09719bb71215cb8d10","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39.371186Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39.371186Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1709.03106","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b8LniQmNcRghVwFR2+zU279z63jO6YvRntZPvpxo6ouHRqiSJsUFeOmPO6l7YCgbyZhVMzkMas+pfBsX2CIXCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T09:14:33.176367Z"},"content_sha256":"3e51419a85ef92004607e7ebe716bb742eb3db61771658793500ad331bdf4cd6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3e51419a85ef92004607e7ebe716bb742eb3db61771658793500ad331bdf4cd6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Simple Theory of Ionic Activity in Concentrated Electrolytes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","authors_text":"Martin Z. Bazant, Sven Schlumpberger","submitted_at":"2017-09-10T14:40:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Debye-H\\\" uckel formula for ionic activity coefficients is extended for concentrated solutions by solving a simple model of many-body Coulomb correlations and adding the Born solvation energy. Given the bulk permittivity, our formula is able to fit activity data for diverse electrolytes with only one parameter to adjust the correlation length, which interpolates between the Bjerrum length and the mean ion spacing. The results show that ionic activity in most electrolytes is dominated by three types of electrostatic forces: (i) mean-field charge screening, (ii) solvation, and (iii) Coulomb "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1709.03106","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c62ZZh/QR2terKk2sLydw4pGoMArxQidg0TGmPvPKhLlJs1CX/7qqpsZRaiI4Jpzhc6UPv1qzJ62tQ/szo+YBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T09:14:33.177109Z"},"content_sha256":"6bee0e91f59d356110552dd54fc20c103ad7aa67897649ed34501274d11eefe8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6bee0e91f59d356110552dd54fc20c103ad7aa67897649ed34501274d11eefe8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T09:14:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBEH2343R4EDR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"962c9a7a5b665b5566f0d42ff7088db2dba8291b262570861fc51fd906810802","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2017-09-10T14:40:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"d874e4ac27b4d6887662e0380244f119e53c5c7dd87e571154119d3ee83aff23"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1709.03106","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1709.03106","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1709.03106v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1709.03106","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZZA6LR5T5J4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZZA6LR5T5J4ZBTBE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZZA6LR5T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6bee0e91f59d356110552dd54fc20c103ad7aa67897649ed34501274d11eefe8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Debye-H\\\" uckel formula for ionic activity coefficients is extended for concentrated solutions by solving a simple model of many-body Coulomb correlations and adding the Born solvation energy. Given the bulk permittivity, our formula is able to fit activity data for diverse electrolytes with only one parameter to adjust the correlation length, which interpolates between the Bjerrum length and the mean ion spacing. The results show that ionic activity in most electrolytes is dominated by three types of electrostatic forces: (i) mean-field charge screening, (ii) solvation, and (iii) Coulomb ","authors_text":"Martin Z. Bazant, Sven Schlumpberger","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2017-09-10T14:40:33Z","title":"Simple Theory of Ionic Activity in Concentrated Electrolytes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1709.03106","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3e51419a85ef92004607e7ebe716bb742eb3db61771658793500ad331bdf4cd6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"962c9a7a5b665b5566f0d42ff7088db2dba8291b262570861fc51fd906810802","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2017-09-10T14:40:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"d874e4ac27b4d6887662e0380244f119e53c5c7dd87e571154119d3ee83aff23"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1709.03106","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ce41e5c7b3ea7990cc243eb7cdc7841c4625b103e50cdc09719bb71215cb8d10","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ce41e5c7b3ea7990cc243eb7cdc7841c4625b103e50cdc09719bb71215cb8d10","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39.371186Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39.371186Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3DdX5kGV1AJFbadnekMkCoGNzOnoctiw9NfT/WTj1dwKm6g+5VYIjBzuafQ8TZv6sGsR28ZOmOz3XcP1IYMoCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:35:39.371821Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1709.03106","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3e51419a85ef92004607e7ebe716bb742eb3db61771658793500ad331bdf4cd6","sha256:6bee0e91f59d356110552dd54fc20c103ad7aa67897649ed34501274d11eefe8"],"state_sha256":"73ea8591989ea056a8b7b55c9b2b9b6eacdf305c3919995b33c0d16250576d54"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OD3rwcOaJmc1Fy4qcZRpEQASPbgWaSEpa91C4hojPwMuGzCyglUNDN/exVdmKwf+MTYl6kxjzFhHq5qbRdoDDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T09:14:33.180971Z","bundle_sha256":"ad4403117b7d6d63953dbc7bef29c990b7ea9f53729e82be3036b1b61d8c9f85"}}