{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV","short_pith_number":"pith:ZZG2223P","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.06916","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-06-07T20:32:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"27df6b4914779628e41b4985b4877282927a7acd8dfca116c87671cb916737ed","abstract_canon_sha256":"07382d33046cc3d1dfd91a6e761c5eb4b64f36dae993a40d4859182aef700a39"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ce4dad6b6f221d1e2374b32c526c890d40bbd5aa60810fd4b8ba85c8238e2708","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.06916","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.06916","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.06916v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.06916","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZZG2223PEIOR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZZG2223PEIOR4I3U","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZZG2223P","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.06916","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-06-07T20:32:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"27df6b4914779628e41b4985b4877282927a7acd8dfca116c87671cb916737ed","abstract_canon_sha256":"07382d33046cc3d1dfd91a6e761c5eb4b64f36dae993a40d4859182aef700a39"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ce4dad6b6f221d1e2374b32c526c890d40bbd5aa60810fd4b8ba85c8238e2708","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58.123946Z","signature_b64":"9Ea872CD1INBiI8CBcC1EsJLQuGHmWrTdLp7yJu4b5U4vKVAnL+1fjm7Ias5M2WZJvI9i3H9HM2/OplPG7qVAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ce4dad6b6f221d1e2374b32c526c890d40bbd5aa60810fd4b8ba85c8238e2708","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58.123565Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58.123565Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.06916","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N8XGTfUzXD6yKOZl2lPYAKMPkuHrI4h0MHfaHDYXtAKCK1gFq+a6sWle+SGVAQrVYynYICI5L1h6f08tXeEsDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T21:30:10.397244Z"},"content_sha256":"22377ab9f69b15cdde60f86f35adb68aec33bb1767e0e3031abe7f1aa2977368","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:22377ab9f69b15cdde60f86f35adb68aec33bb1767e0e3031abe7f1aa2977368"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"ARGOS: Anomaly Recognition and Guarding through O-RAN Sensing","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Guevara Noubir, Stavros Dimou","submitted_at":"2025-06-07T20:32:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"Rogue Base Station (RBS) attacks, particularly those exploiting downgrade vulnerabilities, remain a persistent threat as 5G Standalone (SA) deployments are still limited and User Equipment (UE) manufacturers continue to support legacy network connectivity. This work introduces ARGOS, a comprehensive O-RAN compliant Intrusion Detection System (IDS) deployed within the Near Real-Time RIC, designed to detect RBS downgrade attacks in real time, an area previously unexplored within the O-RAN context. The system enhances the 3GPP KPM Service Model to enable richer, UE-level telemetry and features a "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.06916","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.06916/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jHLz7qnWnuZ/xrBM7TWvY8uUqKYczBzo9SvN83GT6R7qGf/ndycOb2iS35wTZL3bC32TW9H43eb/355cc9hjBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T21:30:10.397740Z"},"content_sha256":"451fd9ee974a177312619e3b677b4fbb24bc267be917905de5ff79f0697da254","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:451fd9ee974a177312619e3b677b4fbb24bc267be917905de5ff79f0697da254"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T21:30:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ZZG2223PEIOR4I3UWMWFE3EJBV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"07382d33046cc3d1dfd91a6e761c5eb4b64f36dae993a40d4859182aef700a39","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-06-07T20:32:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"27df6b4914779628e41b4985b4877282927a7acd8dfca116c87671cb916737ed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.06916","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.06916","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.06916v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.06916","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ZZG2223PEIOR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ZZG2223PEIOR4I3U","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ZZG2223P","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:451fd9ee974a177312619e3b677b4fbb24bc267be917905de5ff79f0697da254","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.06916/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Rogue Base Station (RBS) attacks, particularly those exploiting downgrade vulnerabilities, remain a persistent threat as 5G Standalone (SA) deployments are still limited and User Equipment (UE) manufacturers continue to support legacy network connectivity. This work introduces ARGOS, a comprehensive O-RAN compliant Intrusion Detection System (IDS) deployed within the Near Real-Time RIC, designed to detect RBS downgrade attacks in real time, an area previously unexplored within the O-RAN context. The system enhances the 3GPP KPM Service Model to enable richer, UE-level telemetry and features a ","authors_text":"Guevara Noubir, Stavros Dimou","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-06-07T20:32:23Z","title":"ARGOS: Anomaly Recognition and Guarding through O-RAN Sensing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.06916","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:22377ab9f69b15cdde60f86f35adb68aec33bb1767e0e3031abe7f1aa2977368","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"07382d33046cc3d1dfd91a6e761c5eb4b64f36dae993a40d4859182aef700a39","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2025-06-07T20:32:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"27df6b4914779628e41b4985b4877282927a7acd8dfca116c87671cb916737ed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.06916","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ce4dad6b6f221d1e2374b32c526c890d40bbd5aa60810fd4b8ba85c8238e2708","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ce4dad6b6f221d1e2374b32c526c890d40bbd5aa60810fd4b8ba85c8238e2708","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58.123565Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58.123565Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9Ea872CD1INBiI8CBcC1EsJLQuGHmWrTdLp7yJu4b5U4vKVAnL+1fjm7Ias5M2WZJvI9i3H9HM2/OplPG7qVAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:17:58.123946Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.06916","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:22377ab9f69b15cdde60f86f35adb68aec33bb1767e0e3031abe7f1aa2977368","sha256:451fd9ee974a177312619e3b677b4fbb24bc267be917905de5ff79f0697da254"],"state_sha256":"5a6bd3e3c544ad33bb020ed9759cc107c8071e5cfa06e60b9c67dfe3d60a3422"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iZ7L6yjTzRbQifShyDNzaXcAj7LCbYvo/AcRcyBAWhMskA9KWZ3+geddogx58YGpbxmRBdFs3lK0guZT6ZRIAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T21:30:10.402989Z","bundle_sha256":"41338dc3ecbecdfe2ece5532b23f3f974f39f7cb467248deb37445436c3ad069"}}