Researcher Evidence Record
Andrew Tkachenko
This bounded record lists 48 Pith paper rows and 0 imported work rows attributed to this corpus identity. The enumerated, non-disputed paper rows include astro-ph.SR, astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.GA work dated 2012 to 2026. The record describes sources and coverage; it makes no judgment about the person.
Compiled coverage vector
A sourced case file for attributed work. It is neither a profile score nor a verdict about this researcher.
Attributed works
A bounded ledger from the Pith paper and imported-work queries. Counts and source confidence stay with each work.
-
2026 Pith paper
A Galactic intermediate-mass stripped star with a Wolf-Rayet-like wind
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 18
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2026 Pith paper
The Twentieth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First All-Sky BOSS Spectra, eROSITA-SDSS-V Mapper Coordinated Observations, and a Preview of the Local Volume Mapper
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 237
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2026 Pith paper
BOSS-CLAM: Utilizing a Constrained Linear Absorption Model to Infer Stellar Parameters from BOSS Spectra
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 11
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2026 Pith paper
Variability classification of TESS targets in LOPS2, the first long-term pointing field of PLATO. Version 1 of the public variability catalogue
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- backfill
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 4
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2026 Pith paper
ASTRAFier: A Novel and Scalable Transformer-based Stellar Variability Classifier
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- backfill
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 5
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 0 external cited by from pith
- 2 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2026 Pith paper
The PLATO Science Calibration and Validation Plan: Targets for the First Long-pointing Field
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- backfill
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 3
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 2 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2025 Pith paper
Observational mapping of the mass discrepancy in eclipsing binaries. A new self-contained framework for concurrent analysis of photometric and spectroscopic time series
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 2
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2025 Pith paper
The Nineteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 184
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 5 external cited by from arxiv_reference
- 18 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2025 Pith paper
Sloan Digital Sky Survey-V: Pioneering Panoptic Spectroscopy
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 192
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 3 external cited by from arxiv_reference
- 5 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2025 Pith paper
SDSS-V Milky Way Mapper (MWM): ASPCAP Stellar Parameters and Abundances in SDSS-V Data Release 19
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 25
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 external cited by from arxiv_reference
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2024 Pith paper
KIC 4150611: A quadruply eclipsing heptuple star system with a g-mode period-spacing pattern Asteroseismic modelling of the g-mode period-spacing pattern
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 9
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: a current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2024 Pith paper
The ESO UVES/FEROS Large Programs of TESS OB pulsators. II. On the physical origin of macroturbulence
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 2
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2024 Pith paper
The PLATO Mission
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 759
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 12 external cited by from pith
- 8 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2024 Pith paper
KIC 4150611: A quadruply eclipsing heptuple star system with a g-mode period-spacing pattern Eclipse modelling of the triple and spectroscopic analysis
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 2
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2024 Pith paper
The impact of asteroseismically calibrated internal mixing on nucleosynthetic wind yields of massive stars
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 5
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 0 external cited by from arxiv_reference
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2023 Pith paper
Asteroseismic Modelling of Fast Rotators and its Opportunities for Astrophysics
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 2
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 3 external cited by from arxiv_reference
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2023 Pith paper
Probing the physics in the core boundary layers of the double-lined B-type binary KIC4930889 from its gravito-inertial modes
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 3
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2023 Pith paper
The ESO UVES/FEROS Large Programs of TESS OB pulsators. I. Global stellar parameters from high-resolution spectroscopy
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 2
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2023 Pith paper
The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 134
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2023 Pith paper
ABYSS I: Targeting strategy for APOGEE & BOSS young star survey in SDSS-V
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 4
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2022 Pith paper
Tidal perturbations and eclipse mapping in the pulsations in the hierarchical triple system U~Gru
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 2
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2022 Pith paper
Companions to Kepler giant stars: A long-period eccentric substellar companion to KIC 3526061 and a stellar companion to HD 187878
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 13
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2022 Pith paper
Multiscale entropy analysis of astronomical time series. Discovering subclusters of hybrid pulsators
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 2
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2022 Pith paper
Analysis of high-resolution FEROS spectroscopy for a sample of variable B-type stars assembled from TESS photometry
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 2
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2022 Pith paper
Zeta-Payne: a fully automated spectrum analysis algorithm for the Milky Way Mapper program of the SDSS-V survey
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 2
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2021 Pith paper
Orbital and atmospheric parameters of two wide O-type subdwarf binaries: BD$-$11$^{\rm{o}}$162 and Feige 80
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 6
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2021 Pith paper
Final Targeting Strategy for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2N Survey
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 42
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2021 Pith paper
Stellar labels for hot stars from low-resolution spectra - I. the HotPayne method and results for 330,000 stars from LAMOST DR6
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 10
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2021 Pith paper
TESS Data for Asteroseismology (T'DA) Stellar Variability Classification Pipeline: Set-Up and Application to the Kepler Q9 Data
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 4
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2021 Pith paper
Planet Hunters TESS III: two transiting planets around the bright G dwarf HD 152843
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 19
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2021 Pith paper
A binary with a $\delta$~Scuti star and an oscillating red giant: orbit and asteroseismology of KIC9773821
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 6
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2021 Pith paper
A homogeneous spectroscopic analysis of a Kepler legacy sample of dwarfs for gravity-mode asteroseismology
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 3
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2020 Pith paper
MARVEL, a four-telescope array for high-precision radial-velocity monitoring
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 7
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 1 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2020 Pith paper
Optimizing MARVEL for the radial velocity follow-up of TESS and PLATO transiting exoplanets
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 8
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2020 Pith paper
Asteroseismic modeling of gravity modes in slowly rotating A/F stars with radiative levitation
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 4
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2019 Pith paper
No signature of the orbital motion of a putative 70 solar mass black hole in LB-1
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 14
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2019 Pith paper
Discovery of tidally-perturbed pulsations in the eclipsing binary U Gru: a pioneering system for tidal asteroseismology
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 3
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2019 Pith paper
General classification of light curves using extreme boosting
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 4
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2019 Pith paper
Low-frequency gravity waves in blue supergiants revealed by high-precision space photometry
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 8
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 3 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2019 Pith paper
Astro2020 Science White Paper: gravity-wave asteroseismology of intermediate- and high-mass stars
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 1
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2019 Pith paper
Two's a crowd? Characterising the effect of photometric contamination on the extraction of the global asteroseismic parameter $\nu_{\text{max}}$ in red-giant binaries
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 3
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2019 Pith paper
TOI-150: A transiting hot Jupiter in the TESS southern CVZ
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 23
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2019 Pith paper
Asteroseismic masses, ages, and core properties of $\gamma$ Doradus stars using gravito-inertial dipole modes and spectroscopy
paper citation record paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 7
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
-
- 2 pith inbound references from cited_work_pith_inbound_counts
-
2019 Pith paper
Diverse Variability of O and B Stars Revealed from 2-minute Cadence Light Curves in Sectors 1 and 2 of the TESS Mission: Selection of an Asteroseismic Sample
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 11
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2017 Pith paper
Constraining the near-core rotation of the gamma Doradus star 43 Cygni using BRITE-Constellation data
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 3
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2017 Pith paper
Detection of intrinsic variability in the eclipsing massive main sequence O+B binary HD 165246
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 3
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2013 Pith paper
Ensemble Asteroseismology of the Young Open Cluster NGC 2244
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 7
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
-
2012 Pith paper
Spectrum Analysis of Bright Kepler Gamma Doradus Candidate Stars
paper paper evidence challenge this paper
Sources and evidence
- Authorship source
- arxiv_oai
- Printed name
- Andrew Tkachenko
- Author position
- 1
- Identity state
- provisional
- Source confidence
- 0.7
- Review coverage
- Measured: no current Pith review exists.
- Citation counts
- No source count is attached to this work row.
Evidence apparatus
The machinery behind this record. Every lane states whether Pith measured it, did not query it, could not reach it, or withheld it.
| Lane | State | Observed | Boundary and source |
|---|---|---|---|
| identity | Measured | 2 | Canonical identity row plus public typed identifiers. source=authors, author_identifiers |
| papers | Measured | 48 of 48 bounded rows | Rows attributed to this author UUID in the Pith corpus. source=paper_authors |
| works | Measured zero | 0 of 0 bounded rows | Imported works not duplicated by the paper ledger. source=author_works |
| reviews | Measured | 11 of 48 bounded rows | Coverage count only. No review outcome is projected onto the person. source=current_verdicts |
| citations | Measured | 19 of 48 bounded rows | Counts remain itemized by work and source. source=cited_works |
| coauthors | Measured | 50 of 48 bounded rows | Shared-work edges from admitted paper rows. source=paper_authors |
| account | Unavailable | No public count of 1 bounded rows | Account metadata is separate from corpus evidence. source=users.author_id |
Public identity sources
-
name variant
Andrew Tkachenko
Enumerated research scope
- astro-ph.SR34 rows
- astro-ph.IM7 rows
- astro-ph.GA5 rows
- astro-ph.EP2 rows
- 20121 rows
- 20131 rows
- 20172 rows
- 20199 rows
- 20203 rows
- 20217 rows
- 20225 rows
- 20235 rows
- 20245 rows
- 20254 rows
- 20266 rows
Record scope
The work queries are bounded. Missing rows may mean measured zero, an unavailable source, a query that did not run, or private data that Pith withheld. The lane table keeps those cases separate.
Paper findings remain attached to papers. They do not become findings about this researcher.
Self-published account annex
Linked Pith account
Unavailable No public Pith account is linked to this corpus identity.
The account lane is self-published. Linking proves account control only and changes no corpus fact.