Using LSTM forecasts as a no-pandemic baseline, the study reports that many U.S. industries showed actual bullwhip amplification during 2020-2023 that the forecasts did not predict.
Sample plots of demand series and corresponding predictions of forecast methods are given for each stage to illustrate the comparison between predicted and actual patterns
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Impact of COVID-19 on The Bullwhip Effect Across U.S. Industries
Using LSTM forecasts as a no-pandemic baseline, the study reports that many U.S. industries showed actual bullwhip amplification during 2020-2023 that the forecasts did not predict.