Forbidden-line density diagnostics do not measure a single nebular density but selectively sample a broad unresolved density PDF, producing a universal hierarchy log ne,obs ≈ 0.3 log n_M + const.
E.et al.Density biases and temperature relations for DESIRED H II regions
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There is no single density: star-forming regions and galaxies hold more dense ionized gas than long assumed
Forbidden-line density diagnostics do not measure a single nebular density but selectively sample a broad unresolved density PDF, producing a universal hierarchy log ne,obs ≈ 0.3 log n_M + const.