Global electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations show that an internal transport barrier forms only when the minimum safety factor sits at a low-order rational value, q=2, and that electron-driven zonal currents help lock in this condition.
Turbulence-Induced Safety Factor Profile Flattening at Rational Surfaces in Tokamaks with Low Magnetic Shear
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abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effects of ion-scale turbulence-generated currents on the local safety factor profile under conditions of low magnetic shear and proximity to rational surfaces, relevant to Internal Transport Barrier (ITB) formation. Our results show that turbulent currents can generate stationary zonal magnetic potential corrugations, producing a stepped safety factor profile with extended regions of zero magnetic shear. This change significantly affects turbulence self-interaction, resulting in a substantial decrease in turbulent transport, indicating a potential triggering mechanism for transport barrier formation.
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Global electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of internal transport barriers in reversed-shear tokamaks
Global electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations show that an internal transport barrier forms only when the minimum safety factor sits at a low-order rational value, q=2, and that electron-driven zonal currents help lock in this condition.