Polyakov loop contributions to the thermal effective potential soften electroweak phase transitions, disfavoring first-order transitions and suppressing gravitational-wave signals.
Di Luzio and L
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abstract
After reviewing the calculation of the Standard Model one-loop effective potential in a class of linear gauges, we discuss the physical observables entering the vacuum stability analysis. While the electroweak-vacuum-stability bound on the Higgs boson mass can be formally proven to be gauge independent, the field value at which the effective potential turns negative (the so-called instability scale) is a gauge dependent quantity. By varying the gauge-fixing scheme and the gauge-fixing parameters in their perturbative domain, we find an irreducible theoretical uncertainty of at least two orders of magnitude on the scale at which the Standard Model vacuum becomes unstable.
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A heat kernel plus background field method computes gauge-invariant beta functions and anomalous dimensions without diagrams by treating open and closed derivatives consistently.
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Polyakov Loops Tame Phase Transitions
Polyakov loop contributions to the thermal effective potential soften electroweak phase transitions, disfavoring first-order transitions and suppressing gravitational-wave signals.
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Background Fields Meet the Heat Kernel: Gauge Invariance and RGEs without diagrams
A heat kernel plus background field method computes gauge-invariant beta functions and anomalous dimensions without diagrams by treating open and closed derivatives consistently.