Because Hamiltonian dynamics cannot squeeze phase space as freely as volume conservation alone, the lowest reachable energy for fusion energy extraction is higher than the classical Gardner bound.
Proton-Boron Fusion Yield Increased by Orders of Magnitude with Foam Targets
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abstract
A novel intense beam-driven scheme for high yield of the tri-alpha reaction 11B(p,{\alpha})2{\alpha} was investigated. We used a foam target made of cellulose triacetate (TAC, C_9H_{16}O_8) doped with boron. It was then heated volumetrically by soft X-ray radiation from a laser heated hohlraum and turned into a homogenous, and long living plasma. We employed a picosecond laser pulse to generate a high-intensity energetic proton beam via the well-known Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. We observed up to 10^{10}/sr {\alpha} particles per laser shot. This constitutes presently the highest yield value normalized to the laser energy on target. The measured fusion yield per proton exceeds the classical expectation of beam-target reactions by up to four orders of magnitude under high proton intensities. This enhancement is attributed to the strong electric fields and nonequilibrium thermonuclear fusion reactions as a result of the new method. Our approach shows opportunities to pursue ignition of aneutronic fusion.
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Gromov ground state in phase space engineering for fusion energy
Because Hamiltonian dynamics cannot squeeze phase space as freely as volume conservation alone, the lowest reachable energy for fusion energy extraction is higher than the classical Gardner bound.