In torsion bigravity, the massive spin-2 excitation carries five degrees of freedom at linear order but nine at nonlinear order, so the theory hides four additional degrees of freedom.
Spherically symmetric perturbations of a Schwarzschild black hole in torsion bigravity
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abstract
Time-dependent spherically-symmetric perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes are studied within torsion bigravity, i.e., within generalized Einstein-Cartan theories where the dynamical torsion carries massive spin-2 excitation. We reduce linearized perturbations to a Zerilli-like equation. The structure of the potential entering the latter Zerilli-like equation has two important consequences. First, in order to avoid the presence of singularities in generic perturbations, one must restrict the range (or inverse mass) of the spin-2 excitation to be (essentially) smaller than the radius of the considered black hole. Second, we then show that the Schwarzschild black hole is linearly stable against spherically-symmetric perturbations.
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A Non-linear Massive Gravity Theory of Geometric Origin
In torsion bigravity, the massive spin-2 excitation carries five degrees of freedom at linear order but nine at nonlinear order, so the theory hides four additional degrees of freedom.