In superfluid dark matter, the charge tied to the chemical potential is not conserved, so the chemical potential is only an approximation valid on timescales much shorter than 10^8 years; the paper gives the correct prescription and a two-field alternative.
Decay of Ultralight Axion Condensates
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abstract
Axion particles can form macroscopic condensates, whose size can be galactic in scale for models with very small axion masses $m\sim10^{-22}$ eV, and which are sometimes referred to under the name of Fuzzy Dark Matter. Many analyses of these condensates are done in the non-interacting limit, due to the weakness of the self-interaction coupling of axions. We investigate here how certain results change upon inclusion of these interactions, finding a decreased maximum mass and a modified mass-radius relationship. Further, these condensates are, in general, unstable to decay through number-changing interactions. We analyze the stability of galaxy-sized condensates of axion-like particles, and sketch the parameter space of stable configurations as a function of a binding energy parameter. We find a strong lower bound on the size of Fuzzy Dark Matter condensates which are stable to decay, with lifetimes longer than the age of the universe.
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The role of the chemical potential in coupling superfluid dark matter to baryons
In superfluid dark matter, the charge tied to the chemical potential is not conserved, so the chemical potential is only an approximation valid on timescales much shorter than 10^8 years; the paper gives the correct prescription and a two-field alternative.