Excited Proca stars are always unstable: under perturbations they collapse, disperse, or migrate to the ground state, with migration possible only for a narrow set of negative-binding-energy configurations.
Robust evolution system for Numerical Relativity
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abstract
The paper combines theoretical and applied ideas which have been previously considered separately into a single set of evolution equations for Numerical Relativity. New numerical ingredients are presented which avoid gauge pathologies and allow one to perform robust 3D calculations. The potential of the resulting numerical code is demonstrated by using the Schwarzschild black hole as a test-bed. Its evolution can be followed up to times greater than one hundred black hole masses.
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Proca stars in excited states
Excited Proca stars are always unstable: under perturbations they collapse, disperse, or migrate to the ground state, with migration possible only for a narrow set of negative-binding-energy configurations.