Constructs and proves correct a QUBO Hamiltonian H_mod,k whose zero-energy ground states exist exactly when a graph admits a nowhere-zero Z_k-flow, with degeneracy matching the flow polynomial.
Flows and generalized coloring theorems in graphs.Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B, 26(2):205–216, 1979
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A QUBO Formulation for Nowhere-Zero $k$-Flows
Constructs and proves correct a QUBO Hamiltonian H_mod,k whose zero-energy ground states exist exactly when a graph admits a nowhere-zero Z_k-flow, with degeneracy matching the flow polynomial.