Impact and radiation models show only 1 ppm of microbes survive on Phobos and 100 ppm on Deimos, yielding contamination probabilities two orders of magnitude below COSPAR limits for 30 g, 10 cm samples.
Thus, the average survival fraction ξave was simply obtained by a convolution of the vimp distribution with the survival rate ξ given by Eq
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Assessment of the probability of microbial contamination for sample return from Martian moons II: The fate of microbes on Martian moons
Impact and radiation models show only 1 ppm of microbes survive on Phobos and 100 ppm on Deimos, yielding contamination probabilities two orders of magnitude below COSPAR limits for 30 g, 10 cm samples.