Tunable optical hopfions with arbitrary winding numbers up to poloidal order 5 and toroidal order 3 are realized via Laguerre-Gaussian mode superpositions and confirmed by polarization filament imaging.
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2026 1verdicts
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Optical hopfions with arbitrary two winding numbers
Tunable optical hopfions with arbitrary winding numbers up to poloidal order 5 and toroidal order 3 are realized via Laguerre-Gaussian mode superpositions and confirmed by polarization filament imaging.