Dilepton yields in isospin-asymmetric QCD matter exhibit low-mass enhancement and a plateau in the pion-condensed phase, distinguishing it from chirally broken or restored phases.
Pion Condensation in Baryonic Matter: from Sarma Phase to Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fudde-Ferrell Phase
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abstract
We investigated two pion condensed phases in the frame of the two flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model at finite baryon density: the homogeneous and isotropic Sarma phase and inhomogeneous and anisotropic Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fudde-Ferrell(LOFF) phase. At small isospin chemical potential $\mu_I$, the Sarma state is free from the Sarma instability and magnetic instability due to the strong coupling and large enough effective quark mass. At large $\mu_I$, while the Sarma instability can be cured via fixing baryon density $n_B$ to be nonzero, its magnetic instability implies that the LOFF state is more favored than the Sarma state. In the intermediate $\mu_I$ region, the stable ground state is the Sarma state at higher $n_B$ and LOFF state at lower $n_B$.
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Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.
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Dilepton Production as a Probe of Pion Condensation in Hot and Dense QCD Matter
Dilepton yields in isospin-asymmetric QCD matter exhibit low-mass enhancement and a plateau in the pion-condensed phase, distinguishing it from chirally broken or restored phases.
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Minimal superfluid vortices in chiral perturbation theory
Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.