Magnetic toroidal monopoles in periodic crystals are quantified as a geometric quantity from relativistic polarization responses to magnetic field gradients, using Berry curvatures in extended parameter space.
Chen, Electronic chiralization as an indicator of the anomalous Hall effect in unconventional magnetic sys- tems, Phys
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Magnetic toroidal monopoles from relativistic polarization responses to magnetic field gradients
Magnetic toroidal monopoles in periodic crystals are quantified as a geometric quantity from relativistic polarization responses to magnetic field gradients, using Berry curvatures in extended parameter space.