Troubling trends in machine learning scholarship.Queue, 17(1):45– 77, 2018

Zachary C Lipton, Jacob Steinhardt · 2018

1 Pith paper cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

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cs.CR · 2026-02-06 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

LLMs hallucinate citations at rates from 14.23% to 94.93%, with 1.07% of papers containing invalid citations and an 80.9% increase in 2025.

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GhostCite: A Large-Scale Analysis of Citation Validity in the Age of Large Language Models cs.CR · 2026-02-06 · unverdicted · none · ref 30
LLMs hallucinate citations at rates from 14.23% to 94.93%, with 1.07% of papers containing invalid citations and an 80.9% increase in 2025.