Turbulence is ubiquitous in the ionized shells of Galactic planetary nebulae, with residual velocities transonic or slightly supersonic and larger in inner regions and [WR]-type central stars.
Confirmation of the link between central star binarity and extreme abundance discrepancy factors in planetary nebulae
2 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Pith papers citing it
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2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
The review identifies and discusses key unsolved problems in planetary nebulae such as 3D morphology, multipolar origins, dust distribution, binarity, and the abundance discrepancy, along with suggested future directions.
citing papers explorer
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The ubiquity of turbulence in the expanding kinematics of the ionized shells of Galactic planetary nebulae
Turbulence is ubiquitous in the ionized shells of Galactic planetary nebulae, with residual velocities transonic or slightly supersonic and larger in inner regions and [WR]-type central stars.
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Current Unsolved Problems in Planetary Nebulae Research
The review identifies and discusses key unsolved problems in planetary nebulae such as 3D morphology, multipolar origins, dust distribution, binarity, and the abundance discrepancy, along with suggested future directions.