Ground state wavefunction overlap vanishes for generic phase rotations in bosonic condensates and equals one only for the electromagnetic rotation in superconductors, mapping directly to the Goldstone spectrum.
Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons,
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Ground State Wave Function Overlap in Superconductors and Superfluids
Ground state wavefunction overlap vanishes for generic phase rotations in bosonic condensates and equals one only for the electromagnetic rotation in superconductors, mapping directly to the Goldstone spectrum.