The sign of the Herrera complexity factor at a light ring indicates whether that ring is a stable or unstable photon sphere, and zero-complexity compact objects cannot host external photon spheres.
Born-Infeld Phantom Gravastars
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abstract
We construct new gravitational vacuum star solutions with a Born-Infeld phantom replacing the de Sitter interior. The model allows for a wide range of masses and radii required by phenomenology, and can be motivated from low energy string theory.
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Herrera Complexity and Shadows of Spherically Symmetric Compact Objects
The sign of the Herrera complexity factor at a light ring indicates whether that ring is a stable or unstable photon sphere, and zero-complexity compact objects cannot host external photon spheres.