Fermion mass hierarchies can arise because only the third generation gets tree-level mass, with first and second generation masses generated by gauge-boson loops in specific UV-complete models.
Collider Constraints on $Z^\prime$ Models for Neutral Current $B-$Anomalies
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abstract
We examine current collider constraints on some simple $Z^\prime$ models that fit neutral current $B-$anomalies, including constraints coming from measurements of Standard Model (SM) signatures at the LHC. The `MDM' simplified model is not constrained by the SM measurements but {\em is} strongly constrained by a 139 fb$^{-1}$ 13 TeV ATLAS di-muon search. Constraints upon the `MUM' simplified model are much weaker. A combination of the current $B_s$ mixing constraint and ATLAS' $Z^\prime$ search implies $M_{Z^\prime}>1.2$ TeV in the Third Family Hypercharge Model example case. LHC SM measurements rule out a portion of the parameter space of the model for $M_{Z^\prime}<1.5$ TeV.
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Radiative Mass Generation in Gauged Theories of Flavour: A Path to Fermion Mass Hierarchies
Fermion mass hierarchies can arise because only the third generation gets tree-level mass, with first and second generation masses generated by gauge-boson loops in specific UV-complete models.