In a stylized one-layer transformer, pre-training encodes factual knowledge via relation-specific feature directions and attention patterns; fine-tuning extracts it through a relation-covering mechanism that succeeds when enough latent templates are triggered, with a failure regime explaining inauds
Trained transformers learn linear models in-context
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Supervised fine-tuning of pretrained LLMs on offline trajectories yields better few-shot sequential decision-making than in-context-only baselines, with a theoretical suboptimality bound derived for linear MDPs by interpreting attention as Q-function estimation.
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Provable Knowledge Acquisition and Extraction in One-Layer Transformers
In a stylized one-layer transformer, pre-training encodes factual knowledge via relation-specific feature directions and attention patterns; fine-tuning extracts it through a relation-covering mechanism that succeeds when enough latent templates are triggered, with a failure regime explaining inauds
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Large Language Models for Sequential Decision-Making: Improving In-Context Learning via Supervised Fine-Tuning
Supervised fine-tuning of pretrained LLMs on offline trajectories yields better few-shot sequential decision-making than in-context-only baselines, with a theoretical suboptimality bound derived for linear MDPs by interpreting attention as Q-function estimation.