Toric code decodability under coherent X/Z errors is dual to Majorana monitored dynamics whose symmetry class (D or DIII) dictates whether the generic transition is a measurement-induced entanglement transition or a topological transition between area-law phases.
Maximally Sensitive Sets of States
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abstract
Coherent errors in a quantum system can, in principle, build up much more rapidly than incoherent errors, accumulating as the square of the number of qubits in the system rather than linearly. I show that only channels dominated by a unitary rotation can display such behavior. A maximally sensitive set of states is a set such that if a channel is capable of quadratic error scaling, then it is present for at least one sequence of states in the set. I show that the GHZ states in the X, Y, and Z bases form a maximally sensitive set of states, allowing a straightforward test to identify coherent errors in a system. This allows us to identify coherent errors in gates and measurements to within a constant fraction of the maximum possible sensitivity to such errors. A related protocol with simpler circuits but less sensitivity can also be used to test for coherent errors in state preparation or if the noise in a particular circuit is accumulating coherently or not.
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For single-logical-qubit surface codes with uniform X rotations, the projected logical ensemble after syndrome extraction and maximum-likelihood decoding is isomorphic to scattering-matrix ensembles of chaotic quantum dots in Altland-Zirnbauer classes D or DIII.
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Decoding coherent errors in toric codes on honeycomb and square lattices: duality to Majorana monitored dynamics and symmetry classes
Toric code decodability under coherent X/Z errors is dual to Majorana monitored dynamics whose symmetry class (D or DIII) dictates whether the generic transition is a measurement-induced entanglement transition or a topological transition between area-law phases.
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Projected logical ensembles in surface codes via the random-matrix theory of quantum dots
For single-logical-qubit surface codes with uniform X rotations, the projected logical ensemble after syndrome extraction and maximum-likelihood decoding is isomorphic to scattering-matrix ensembles of chaotic quantum dots in Altland-Zirnbauer classes D or DIII.