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3+1 Formalism and Bases of Numerical Relativity

15 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

15 Pith papers citing it
abstract

These lecture notes provide some introduction to the 3+1 formalism of general relativity, which is the foundation of most modern numerical relativity. The text is rather self-contained, with detailed calculations and numerous examples. Contents: 1. Introduction, 2. Geometry of hypersurfaces, 3. Geometry of foliations, 4. 3+1 decomposition of Einstein equation, 5. 3+1 equations for matter and electromagnetic field, 6. Conformal decomposition, 7. Asymptotic flatness and global quantities, 8. The initial data problem, 9. Choice of foliation and spatial coordinates, 10. Evolution schemes.

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representative citing papers

Gravitating Tubes Beyond World Line Paradigm In General Relativity

gr-qc · 2026-06-28 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

The work constructs timelike tubes foliated by hypersurfaces with a brane-like action whose collective stress-energy is smooth, violates the strong energy condition inside the tube, and reduces to a point-particle action plus self-force term in the vanishing-radius limit.

Removing Ostrogradsky modes in multi-field higher-order scalar-tensor theories

gr-qc · 2026-06-20 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

Derives primary degeneracy matrix conditions, antisymmetric consistency conditions from constraint preservation, and a final rank condition sufficient to ensure quadratic multi-field higher-derivative scalar-tensor theories propagate only 2+N degrees of freedom without extra Ostrogradsky modes.

Spectrum of pure $R^2$ gravity: full Hamiltonian analysis

gr-qc · 2025-10-09 · conditional · novelty 7.0

Pure R^2 gravity propagates three degrees of freedom nonlinearly but zero linearly around Minkowski and other traceless-Ricci R=0 spacetimes due to ten second-class constraints becoming first-class upon linearization.

Scalar induced gravitational waves review

gr-qc · 2021-09-03 · unverdicted · novelty 2.0

A review that unifies analytical expressions for scalar-induced gravitational waves and emphasizes calculations for non-radiation-dominated cosmologies.

Dynamical Boson Stars

gr-qc · 2012-02-27 · unverdicted · novelty 2.0

Boson stars are particle-like solutions in general relativity that model dark matter, black hole mimickers, and binary systems.

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