Positivity of gravitational path integral inner products requires non-perturbative instabilities in axion wormholes that break shift symmetry, implying a sharp axion weak gravity conjecture with precise constants.
Euclidean Wormholes in String Theory
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abstract
We show that toroidal compactification of type II string theory to six dimensions admits axionic euclidean wormhole solutions. These wormholes can be inserted into $AdS_3 \times S^3 \times T^4$ backgrounds, which have a well-defined CFT dual. AdS/CFT duality then suggests that the wormhole solutions cannot be interpreted using $\alpha$ parameters as originally suggested by Coleman.
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Unitary QFTs are determined up to unitary isomorphism by closed-manifold partition functions; every reflection-positive partition function comes from a unitary QFT, so spatial wormholes do not break Hilbert-space factorization once the full charged spectrum is included.
The paper shows that Euclidean axion wormholes remain regular and stable in AdS3 for any mouth radius to AdS radius ratio and across topologies, with computable actions that can be included in the 3D gravitational path integral.
Wormhole effects in theories with imaginary massless scalars set an upper limit on analytic continuation of couplings to imaginary values, with string theory examples showing the low-energy theory breaks down at or before this bound.
Merons are universal in many non-Abelian gauge theories and source regular black holes and Euclidean wormholes via a non-Abelian Ayón-Beato-García generalization.
The paper verifies the bound fS/|n| ≤ (π/(2 κ_d)) sqrt((d-1)/(d-2)) for axion instantons and sharpens it to fS/|n| ≤ (1/κ_4) sqrt(7/2) for supersymmetric 4d instantons using three approaches in the string landscape.
Supergravity truncations admit real-metric wormhole solutions via imaginary scalar extensions whose holographic duals are pseudo-Hermitian and PT-symmetric, interpretable as entangled brane states.
Finite cutoff in JT gravity causes faster ERB-length saturation, deformation-dependent baby-universe emission only under Lorentzian evolution, and possible one-cut universality corrections in the matrix dual.
In the axion charge sector of Type IIB, the E=0 BPS instanton has a physical Hessian that factorizes as Q dagger Q, interpreted as an endpoint theorem beyond stability for E>0 wormholes, with separation of throat from multipole operator terms.
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Positivity of the gravitational path integral implies the axionic weak gravity conjecture
Positivity of gravitational path integral inner products requires non-perturbative instabilities in axion wormholes that break shift symmetry, implying a sharp axion weak gravity conjecture with precise constants.
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Wormholes and the imaginary distance bound
Wormhole effects in theories with imaginary massless scalars set an upper limit on analytic continuation of couplings to imaginary values, with string theory examples showing the low-energy theory breaks down at or before this bound.