Multiferrons are defined as elementary excitations with both electric and magnetic character that tilt polarization, generate magnetization via dynamical multiferroicity, and carry quadrupole and octupole moments, as computed for LiNbO3.
As such, we use a value of ⟨Q2⟩ = ℏ ω to compute the polarization associated with a single phonon per unit cell with Eq
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Lattice excitations with finite polarization and magnetization
Multiferrons are defined as elementary excitations with both electric and magnetic character that tilt polarization, generate magnetization via dynamical multiferroicity, and carry quadrupole and octupole moments, as computed for LiNbO3.