Using the BV formalism, the authors show that descent equations turn ordinary higher-form symmetries into families of 'ghostly' symmetries generated by currents of nonzero ghost number.
An introduction to the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism
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abstract
The aim of these notes is to introduce the quantum master equation $\{S,S\}-2i\hbar\Delta S=0$, and to show its relations to the theory of Lie algebras representations and to perturbative expansions of Gaussian integrals. The relations of the classical master equation $\{S,S\}=0$ with the BRST formalisms are also described. Being an introduction, only finite-dimensional examples will be considered.
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Symmetries Beget Symmetries: Ghostly Higher-Form Symmetries and the Descent Equation
Using the BV formalism, the authors show that descent equations turn ordinary higher-form symmetries into families of 'ghostly' symmetries generated by currents of nonzero ghost number.