Quantum latent distributions from boson samplers are shown in theory to expand the output distribution class of invertible Lipschitz generators, and in GAN benchmarks on QM9 to beat Gaussian, Bernoulli, and distinguishable-photon baselines, though the gain is hyperparameter-sensitive.
Improving GANs by leveraging the quantum noise from real hardware
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abstract
We propose a novel approach to generative adversarial networks (GANs) in which the standard i.i.d. Gaussian latent prior is replaced or hybridized with a quantum-correlated prior derived from measurements of a 16-qubit entangling circuit. Each latent sample is generated by grouping repeated shots per qubit into a binary fraction, applying the inverse Gaussian CDF to obtain a 16-dimensional Gaussian vector whose joint copula reflects genuine quantum entanglement, and then projecting into the high-dimensional space via a fixed random matrix. By pre-sampling tens of millions of bitstrings, either from a noiseless simulator or from IBM hardware, we build large pools of independent but internally quantum-correlated latents. We integrate this prior into three representative architectures (WGAN, SNGAN, BigGAN) on CIFAR-10, making no changes to the neural network structure or training hyperparameters. The hybrid latent representations incorporating hardware-derived noise consistently lower the FID relative to both the classical baseline and the simulator variant, especially when the quantum component constitutes a substantial fraction of the prior. In addition, we execute on the QPU in parallel to not only save computing time but also further decrease the FID up to 17% in BigGAN. These results indicate that intrinsic quantum randomness and device-specific imperfections can provide a structured inductive bias that enhances GAN performance. Our work demonstrates a practical pipeline for leveraging noisy quantum hardware to enrich deep-generative modeling, opening a new interface between quantum information and machine learning. All code and data are available at https://github.com/Neon8988/GAN_QN.git.
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Quantum latent distributions in deep generative models
Quantum latent distributions from boson samplers are shown in theory to expand the output distribution class of invertible Lipschitz generators, and in GAN benchmarks on QM9 to beat Gaussian, Bernoulli, and distinguishable-photon baselines, though the gain is hyperparameter-sensitive.