SKA-Low can resolve double-bump air shower profiles to constrain hadronic interaction properties and cosmic-ray mass composition between 10^16 and 10^18 eV.
Kneelike structure in the spectrum of the heavy component of cosmic rays observed with KASCADE-Grande
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abstract
We report the observation of a steepening in the cosmic ray energy spectrum of heavy primary particles at about $8 \times 10^{16}$ eV. This structure is also seen in the all-particle energy spectrum, but is less significant. Whereas the `knee' of the cosmic ray spectrum at $3-5 \times 10^{15}$ eV was assigned to light primary masses by the KASCADE experiment, the new structure found by the KASCADE-Grande experiment is caused by heavy primaries. The result is obtained by independent measurements of the charged particle and muon components of the secondary particles of extensive air showers in the primary energy range of $10^{16}$ to $10^{18}$ eV. The data are analyzed on a single-event basis taking into account also the correlation of the two observables.
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astro-ph.HE 2years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
Simulations show that drift dominance over diffusion can create a knee at PeV energies if parallel diffusion becomes energy-independent above 1 TeV, though some setups fail to match observed grammage.
citing papers explorer
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Anomalous Air Showers and What They Reveal About Hadronic Interactions and Cosmic-ray Masses
SKA-Low can resolve double-bump air shower profiles to constrain hadronic interaction properties and cosmic-ray mass composition between 10^16 and 10^18 eV.
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Transition from Diffusion to Drift-Dominated Cosmic Ray Transport and the Origin of the Knee
Simulations show that drift dominance over diffusion can create a knee at PeV energies if parallel diffusion becomes energy-independent above 1 TeV, though some setups fail to match observed grammage.