In ultimatum games, LLM agents prompted with theory-of-mind reasoning align more closely with human norms, with first-order ToM best for proposers, combined ToM for accepting offers, and zero-order ToM for rejecting offers, though results rely on heuristic human-behavior expectations.
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Effects of Theory of Mind and Prosocial Beliefs on Steering Human-Aligned Behaviors of LLMs in Ultimatum Games
In ultimatum games, LLM agents prompted with theory-of-mind reasoning align more closely with human norms, with first-order ToM best for proposers, combined ToM for accepting offers, and zero-order ToM for rejecting offers, though results rely on heuristic human-behavior expectations.