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Infinite Soft Theorems from Gauge Symmetry

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abstract

In this letter we show that the soft behaviour of photons and graviton amplitudes, after projection, can be determined to infinite order in soft expansion via ordinary on-shell gauge invariance. In particular, as one of the particle's momenta becomes soft, gauge invariance relates the non-singular diagrams of an n-point amplitude to that of the singular ones up to possible homogeneous terms. We demonstrate that with a particular projection of the soft-limit, the homogeneous terms do not contribute, and one arrives at an infinite soft theorem. This reproduces the result recently derived from the Ward identity of large gauge transformations. We also discuss the modification of these soft theorems due to the presence of higher-dimensional operators.

fields

hep-th 1

years

2025 1

verdicts

UNVERDICTED 1

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  • Soft theorems of tree-level ${\rm Tr}(\phi^3)$, YM and NLSM amplitudes from $2$-splits hep-th · 2025-05-31 · unverdicted · none · ref 42 · internal anchor

    Extends a 2-split factorization approach to reproduce known leading and sub-leading soft theorems for Tr(φ³) and YM single-soft and NLSM double-soft amplitudes while deriving higher-order universal forms and a kinematic relation linking YM gauge invariance to NLSM Adler zero.