Eckart heat flux holds for all timelike scalar configurations in F(Φ,X)R + G theories if and only if F_X ≡ 0, reducing the theory to a Jordan-like subclass of Horndeski.
Inhomogeneity effects in Cosmology
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abstract
This article looks at how inhomogeneous spacetime models may be significant for cosmology. First it looks at how the averaging process may affect large scale dynamics, with backreaction effects leading to effective contributions to the averaged energy-momentum tensor. Secondly it considers how local inhomogeneities may affect cosmological observations in cosmology, possibly significantly affecting the concordance model parameters. Thirdly it presents the possibility that the universe is spatially inhomogeneous on Hubble scales, with a violation of the Copernican principle leading to an apparent acceleration of the universe. This could perhaps even remove the need for the postulate of dark energy.
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UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
In f(R,T) = R + F(T) gravity, nonlinear F makes the averaged modified term differ from F at averaged T, invalidating the common unity-ratio assumption and giving dust nonzero proper pressure.
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Eckart heat-flux applicability in $F(\Phi,X)R$ theories and the existence of temperature gradients
Eckart heat flux holds for all timelike scalar configurations in F(Φ,X)R + G theories if and only if F_X ≡ 0, reducing the theory to a Jordan-like subclass of Horndeski.
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Cosmological Averaging in Nonminimally Coupled Gravity
In f(R,T) = R + F(T) gravity, nonlinear F makes the averaged modified term differ from F at averaged T, invalidating the common unity-ratio assumption and giving dust nonzero proper pressure.