Dust in supernova ejecta can switch on fast infrared cooling behind the reverse shock, triggering thermal instability that forms cold dense clumps where grains are shielded from sputtering.
The dust properties of star-forming galaxies in the first billion years
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abstract
The Atacama Large Millimetre/Sub-millimetre Array (ALMA) is obtaining the deepest observations of early galaxies ever achieved at (sub-)millimetre wavelengths, and detecting the dust emission of young galaxies in the first billion years of cosmic history, well in the epoch of reionization. Here I review some of the latest results from these observations, with special focus on the REBELS large programme, which targets a sample of 40 star-forming galaxies at z~7. ALMA detects significant amounts of dust in very young galaxies, and this dust might have different properties to dust in lower-redshift galaxies. I describe the evidence for this, and discuss theoretical/modelling efforts to explain the dust properties of these young galaxies. Finally, I describe two additional surprising results to come out of the REBELS survey: (i) a new population of completely dust-obscured galaxies at z~7, and (ii) the prevalence of spatial offsets between the ultraviolet and infrared emission of UV-bright, high-redshift star-forming galaxies.
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Survival of dust in super-dusty galaxies at redshifts $z \approx 5-8$
Dust in supernova ejecta can switch on fast infrared cooling behind the reverse shock, triggering thermal instability that forms cold dense clumps where grains are shielded from sputtering.