Runaway electron avalanches can arise in stellarators from rapid coil current variations without net toroidal current, posing risks mainly at low densities in present devices and more broadly in reactors.
In W7-X, the trapped fraction on axis typically ranges from 0.15 to 0.3
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Runaway electrons during a coil quench in stellarators
Runaway electron avalanches can arise in stellarators from rapid coil current variations without net toroidal current, posing risks mainly at low densities in present devices and more broadly in reactors.